Total chlorine free

Chemical pulp bleaching has undergone significant process changes since around 1990. Until that time, nearly every chemical pulp mill that had used bleaching had incorporated elemental chlorine (Clj) into some of its processes. Because of environmental and health concerns about dioxins, U.S. pulp mills now use elemental chlorine free (ECF) and total chlorine free (TCF) bleaching technologies. The most common types of ECF and TCF are shown in Table 21.5. The difference... [Pg.870]

Common Chemicals Used in Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF) and Total Chlorine Free (TCF) Bleaching Processes... [Pg.870]

Elemental chlorine free (ECF) bleaching with low AOX or totally chlorine free (TCF) bleaching... [Pg.890]

TCF [Totally Chlorine-Free] A generic term for pulp-bleaching processes which do not use chlorine in any form. Oxidants and enzymes are used. See also ECF. [Pg.265]

NP NPEC OC OP OPEC PCB PCDBT PCDD PCDF PCP PFB RA TCA TCDD TCF TCMTB TOC VSC VOC Nonylphenol Nonylphenol ethoxycarboxylate Organo chlorine Octylphenol Octylphenol ethoxycarboxylate Polychloroinated biphenyls Polychlorinated dibenzothiophene Polychlorin ated dib enzo-p - dioxins Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furans Pentachlorophenol Pentafluorobenzyl Resin acids 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole Tetrachloro dibenzo dioxin Totally chlorine- free 2-(Thiocyanomethylthio)-benzothiazole Total organic carbon Volatile sulphur compounds Volatile organic compounds... [Pg.26]

Totally chlorine free bleaching (TCF) technologies, 10 304-305 Totally chlorine-free (TCF) bleaching processes, 21 44... [Pg.959]

The paper used for this book is FSC-certified and totally chlorine-free. FSC (the Forest Stewardship Council) is an international network to promote responsible management of the worlds forests. [Pg.185]

Today, the pulp and paper industry operates with two main pulping processes and three bleaching processes. The latter are the chlorine bleaching process, the elementary chlorine-free (ECF) process, and the totally chlorine-free (TCF) process they are compared in Table 6.4. [Pg.145]

Totally chlorine-free (TCF) process. The TCF process uses hydrogen peroxide in the bleaching process. As a drawback, about 10% more wood has to be used for the... [Pg.145]

Dextrins are produced by dry heating (roasting) starch in the presence of an acid catalyst. They are produced in a range of viscosity and color specifications. Dextrins are primarily used as adhesives in paper conversion, such as laminating and envelope production. A low-viscosity dextrin is used in Europe as a total chlorine free (TCF) coating binder for application on TCF paper. [Pg.665]

Nelson, P., Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF) and Totally Chlorine Free (TCF) Bleaching of Pulps, in Environmentally Friendly Technologies for the Pulp and Paper Industry, R. A. Young and M. Akhtar (Eds.), John Wiley Sons, New York, 1998. [Pg.1293]

ECF elemental chlorine free process TCF totally chlorine free process TEF totally effluent free process... [Pg.243]

Why are solid, unmodified alumina, silicas, and zeolites able to be used as catalysts (77) Are lanthanide catalysts really environmentally friendly 18) What are solid acids and solid bases and how can they be used for catalysis 19) Why is catalysis a foundational pillar of green chemistry 20) What are the advantages of a totally chlorine free bleaching process (27)... [Pg.58]

Since it became clear that the direct use of chlorine in the bleaching of pulp and paper leads to highly poisonous chlorinated organic species in the waste water, chlorine dioxide is used instead in the so-called ECF (Elemental Chlorine Free) process. The competing process is the TCF (Total Chlorine Free) process, which uses peroxides [11],... [Pg.270]

Molecular chlorine, CI2, is an ideal chemical for delignification as it is cost-efficient and has reasonable selectivity, well capable of removing 75-90% of the residual lignin in a single stage. However its undesirable effects - waste water with chlorides that is corrosive, and a tiny by-product of chlorinated organic compounds -means that molecular chlorine has been abandoned entirely in some countries and where it is still used this is often in conjunction with chlorine dioxide (D) whose environmental footprint is some 2.6 times smaller. Today, more than 75% of pulps are bleached without any molecular chlorine. These are described as elemental chlorine-free (ECF). Only c. 6% of bleached pulps are total chlorine-free (TCF),... [Pg.515]

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