Total chlorine free bleaching processes

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Totally chlorine free bleaching (TCF) technologies, 10 304-305 Totally chlorine-free (TCF) bleaching processes, 21 44... 

Today, the pulp and paper industry operates with two main pulping processes and three bleaching processes. The latter are the chlorine bleaching process, the elementary chlorine-free (ECF) process, and the totally chlorine-free (TCF) process they are compared in Table 6.4. 

Totally chlorine-free (TCF) process. The TCF process uses hydrogen peroxide in the bleaching process. As a drawback, about 10% more wood has to be used for the... 

Continued promotion of eco-white kraftliner, based on a new process for significantly more efficient wood and fiber utilization plus totally chlorine-free bleaching. Thanks to the improved environmental profile, it has been possible to speed up the market introduction, resulting in additional revenues of several tens of millions of Swedish kronor. 

Chemical pulp bleaching has undergone significant process changes since around 1990. Until that time, nearly every chemical pulp mill that had used bleaching had incorporated elemental chlorine (Clj) into some of its processes. Because of environmental and health concerns about dioxins, U.S. pulp mills now use elemental chlorine free (ECF) and total chlorine free (TCF) bleaching technologies. The most common types of ECF and TCF are shown in Table 21.5. The difference... 

Common Chemicals Used in Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF) and Total Chlorine Free (TCF) Bleaching Processes... 

TCF [Totally Chlorine-Free] A generic term for pulp-bleaching processes which do not use chlorine in any form. Oxidants and enzymes are used. See also ECF. 

Since it became clear that the direct use of chlorine in the bleaching of pulp and paper leads to highly poisonous chlorinated organic species in the waste water, chlorine dioxide is used instead in the so-called ECF (Elemental Chlorine Free) process. The competing process is the TCF (Total Chlorine Free) process, which uses peroxides [11],... 

This process description comes from a reference plant which is a highly integrated into a compound of chemical plants. Totally free of chlorine (TFC) bleached pulp is manufactured via the sulphite process route and immediately fed to the viscose production plant. Furthermore, a paper production plant (which is not integrated in the production of pulp), a waste incineration plant as well as some minor chemical companies are situated at the same site. 

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