Tissue culture tomato

In the process of developing an in vitro system to select phosphate starvation resistant cell lines we simultaneously selected for a line that was constitutively induced for APase excretion. Tissue cultured tomato cells were plated onto solid medium containing starvation levels of phosphate. While most cells died, we identified isolated clumps of callus capable of near-normal rates of growth. Starvation-resistant cells were used to start suspension cultures that were kept under phosphate starva-... 

Fusarium oxysporum fsp. radicis-lycopersici Jarvis and Shoemaker (FORE) (Jarvis and Shoemaker, 1978) [1] is a pathogen of tomato which, with the arrival of intensive tomato culture under glass, has developed to serious proportions [2]. This forma specialis of F. oxysporum affects largely the root and crown tissues of tomato and the symptoms occur as foot and root rot. FORL isolates are pathogenic on tomato plants with genes for resistance to races 1 and 2 of Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. fsp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyd. Hans (FOL), that cause the common Fusarium wilt of the tomato. However, although resistance to FORL has been found and incorporated into commercial cultivars, the disease is a severe problem in wide areas of the North Hemisphere [3-9]. 

Population studies associate tomato consumption with reduced risk to prostate cancer. The most positive associations have come from cohort studies performed before the prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-screening era, and these studies have suggested that the tomato/lycopene effect was the strongest for clinically relevant prostate cancers (Giovannucci 2007). Small human studies have shown in vivo antioxidant effects for tomato products but evidence for lycopene alone is weak (Chen et al. 2001, Porrini and Riso 2000, Riso et al. 2004, Zhao et al. 2006). Animal and tissue culture studies have been... 

Plastid transformation is highly dependent on the tissue culture process because it enables copies of the wild-type plastid genome to be selectively eliminated before plant regeneration (Maliga, 2003). However, many of the crop species regenerated in this way turn out to be sterile, a consequence of plant regeneration from tissue culture. As mentioned earlier, the transformation of Arabidopsis, tomato, potato, rice, and rape seed oil has been achieved at very low efficiencies, and the resulting transformants... 

Creation of High-Solids Content, Tissue-Culture Induced Tomato Variants... 

The observation that molybdenum (Mo) uptake by plants decreases with increasing concentrations of sulfate was first reported for tomato plants Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in solution culture (Stout and Meagher, 1948). Stout et al. (1951) confirmed that observation with tomato plants grown in tissue culture (Table 14.1) and with tomatoes and peas (Pisum sativum L.) in soil (Tables 14.2 and 14.3). They attributed the action of sulfate ions in suppressing Mo uptake to direct competition between two divalent anions of similar sizes. 

Aromatic amino acid feedback sensitive forms of chorismate mutase have been identified in alfalfa, pea, oak, mung bean, rice, and tissue cultures of tobacco and tomato (Cotton and Gibson, 1968 Gilchrist et al., 1972 Woodin and Nishioka, 1973a Gadal and Bouysson, 1973 Widholm, 1974). In almost all of these plants multiple forms of the enzyme occur, some of which are... 

When methyl jasmonate was applied to the surface of tomato plants, the synthesis of a defensive proteinase inhibitor protein was induced, not only in the plant to which the application was made but also in nearby plants. In subsequent studies, this compound was shown to have a similar effect with plants of other families as well (Farmer and Ryan, 1990 Pearce et al., 1991). In a series of experiments, it was demonstrated that methyl jasmonate can be a component of interplant communication systems. Octadecanoid precursors of jasmonic acid were able to activate the synthesis of wound-inducible proteinase inhibitors (Crombie and Mistry, 1991 Farmer and Ryan, 1992). Jasmonic acid is a signal transducer in elicitor-induced plant cultures of Rauvolfia canescens and Eschscholtzia californica. Tissue cultures of 36 species of plants could be induced to accumulate second-... 

Yoshizaki M, Matsushita S, Fujiwara Y, Ikeda T, Ono M, Nohara T (2005) Tomato new sapoge-nols, isoesculeogenin A and esculeogenin B. Chem Pharm Bull 53 839-840 Zacharius RM, Osman SF (1977) Glycoalkaloids in tissue culture of Solanum species. Dehydrocommersonine from cultured roots of Solanum chacoense. Plant Sci Lett 10 283-287... 

This last is no mean accomplishment, for despite years of thorough physicochemical studies of plant viruses by American workers, Bawden and Pirie (26) still maintain that tomato bushy stunt virus is the only plant virus intensively studied for which there is no evidence of variability in the end products. The discussion has hardly been less acrimonious for the animal viruses. Most recently, Beard (28) has taken up the hypothesis that a single fully active elementary body (virus particle) may act to induce a lesion in an ideally susceptible host, a subject previously given extended concentration by Lauffer and Price (184). This question may only be clarified when more information is available about Dulbecco s preliminary finding that single animal virus particles can cause plaques on solid tissue culture. 

Effect of temperature on metabolic rates of (A) cultured carrot cells ( ) and root sections ( ) and (B) cultured tomato cells ( ) and leaf sections (a). Tomato cells and leaf tissue were from leaf explants of a L. esculentum/L. pyruvanlam hybrid. Carrot cells were a diploid line of wild carrot, Dacus carrota. Carrot root tissue was purchased at a local market. 

Alkaloid Production in Tissue Cultures It was thought that tissue cultures derived from various parts of whole plants would be an ideal system in which to study alkaloid biosynthesis, since sterile conditions and uniform conditions of growth are readily maintained. However, work in this area has been disappointing. In general, tissue cultures produce much less alkaloid than an intact plant, or intact organs. For example, cultures of excised roots of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) synthesized the steroidal alkaloid tomatine however, the amount produced was 40 times less than that found in the intact seedling radicles. The addition of established precursors... 

Solanaceae such as tomato and vice-versa provide evidence that the roots are the site of alkaloid biosynthesis in these plants. Histochemi-cal techniques utilising alkaloid precipitants coupled with microscopic examination of treated tissues have located accumulations of positively reacting materials in the meristems of both the roots and shoots of belladonna. These observations do not, however, unequivocally implicate the meristems in the initial synthesis of the alkaloids and experiments using tissue culture techniques have demonstrated that there is no simple relationship between cell division and alkaloid synthesis. Rapidly dividing cultures of belladonna cells do not synthesise alkaloids—only when root initials are induced to form does alkaloid biosynthesis commence. Thus the importance of roots in the synthesis is confirmed although the site of synthesis within these organs has not yet been rigidly established. 

By extensive studies of the influence of a large number of silatrane derivatives of different structure on cultures of plant tissues several very active compounds were recognized and examined in their effects on seeds, seedlings of plants and various cultivary such as tomatoes, cucumbers, grapes, flax, etc. 

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