The American Society for Testing and Materials

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103—1187. 

A description of modified ethylene—tetrafluoroethylene copolymers and their classification is given by the American Society for Testing and Materials under the designation D3159-83 (36). A comprehensive listing of industrial and military specifications is avaHable (37). 

A computer file of about 19,000 peak wavenumbers and intensities, along with search software, is distributed by the Infrared Data Committee of Japan (IRDC). Donated spectra, which are evaluated by the Coblentz Society in coUaboration with the Joint Committee on Atomic and Molecular Physical Data (JCAMP), are digitized and made avaUable (64). Almost 25,000 ir spectra are avaUable on the SDBS system developed by the NCLl as described. A project was initiated at the University of California, Riverside, in 1986 for the constmction of a database of digitized ftir spectra. The team involved also developed algorithms for spectra evaluation (75). Other sources of spectral Hbraries include Sprouse Scientific, Aston Scientific, and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 

Effectiveness of these EP oils can be evaluated by a number of laboratory test units such as those shown in Figure 4. While the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) procedures describe a number of standard test procedures (10), the operating conditions and test specimen materials should be chosen to simulate as nearly as possible those in an appHcation. 

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) 1916 Race Street Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 The ASTM MnnualBook ofMSTM Standards contains all up-to-date formally approved (ca 9000) ASTM standard specifications, test methods, classifications, definitions, practices, and related materials, eg, proposals. These are arranged in 15 sections plus an index volume as follows. 

Special Tests. Even though the American Society for Testing and Materials offers a wide range of test methods, there are other special tests that are imposed upon the manufacturer by consumers, the military, the U.S. Government, and ia some cases local or municipal governments. These tests are generally very specific and are oriented toward particular service conditions. In many iastances, the producers develop special tests within thek laboratories to solve customer problems or predict product or production performance. Many of these tests subsequentiy are adopted by ASTM. 

Specialty Elastomers. Polychloroprene and polysulfide mbber were the first synthetic specialty elastomers discovered. Since theh invention in the 1930s the total number of classes of synthetic mbbers has grown to almost 30. The foUowing lists standard acronyms by the International Synthetic Rubber Producers (IISRP) and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) for several specialty elastomers. 

Because of the diverse appHcatioas involving Hquid atomizers, a large vocabulary of terms has evolved ia the spray community. The American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM Subcommittee E29.04 on Liquid Particle Characterization, has attempted to standardize the terminology relating to atomizing devices (1). The definitions adopted by ASTM are used herein. 

Fluid Specifications. The performance characteristics of all antifreeze solutions are governed by fluid specifications, that have been developed over the years by industry standards committees, such as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). Additionally, most engine and/or cooling system manufacturers have thek own compositional specifications to which the fluids must conform. 

Asphalt [8052-42-4] is defined by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) (1) as a dark brown to black cementitious material in which the predominating constituents are bitumens that occur in nature or are obtained in petroleum processing. Bitumen is a generic term defined by ASTM as a class of black or dark-colored (soHd, semisoHd, or viscous) cementitious substances, natural or manufactured, composed principally of high molecular weight hydrocarbons, of which asphalts, tars, pitches, and asphaltites are typical. 

Calculated by the American Society for Testing and Materials C150-76 (24). In cement chemists notation. 

Portland cements are manufactured to comply with specifications estabUshed in each country (70). In the United States, several different specifications are used, including those of the American Society for Testing and Materials and American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). The ASTM aimuaHy pubhshes test methods and standards (24), which are estabhshed on a consensus basis by its members which include consumers and producers. 

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) F4 Committee on Medical Materials and Devices has developed specifications for chemical composition, mechanical properties, and other factors. Standard test methods also are available from ASTM, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia. The quaHty of castings is important for dental implants, and standards to define this would be useful. 

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and the American Oil Chemists Society (AOCS) provide standard methods for determining properties that are important in characterization of dimer acids. Characterization of dimer acids for acid and saponification values, unsaponiftables, and specific gravity are done by AOCS standard methods ... 

In 1957, it was discovered that organometaUic catalysts gave high mol wt polymers from epoxides (3). The commercially important, largely amorphous polyether elastomers developed as a result of this early work are polyepichlorohydrin (ECH) (4,5), ECH—ethylene oxide (EO) copolymer (6), ECH—aUyl glycidyl ether (AGE) copolymer (7,8), ECH—EO—AGE terpolymer (8), ECH—propylene oxide (PO)—AGE terpolymer (8,9), and PO—AGE copolymer (10,11). The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has designated these polymers as follows ... 

U.S. Sieve Series The American Society for Testing and Materials in cooperation with the National Bureau of Standards and the American National Standards Institute has further refined the U.S. sieve series, combining the former coarse and fine series into a single series series with a fourth-root-of-2 ratio (Table 19-6). The openings in the individual sieves have remained unchanged except for minor adjustments in sieves coarser than 0.00673 m (6.73 mm). In the revised series, sieves 1 mm and coarser are identified by opening in millimeters, and those finer than 1 mm by their openings in microns. 

Specifications The American Society for Testing and Materials has developed specifications Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Con-shohocken, Pa., updated annually) that are widely used to classify fuels. Table 27-5 shows fuels covered by ASTM D 396, Standard Specification for Fuel Oils. D 396 omits kerosenes (low-sulfur, cleanburning No. 1 fuels for lamps and freestanding flueless domestic heaters), which are covered separately by ASTM D 3699. 

Data from H. R. Copson, Report of ASTM Subcommittee VI, of Committee B-3 on Atmospheric Corrosion, Am. Soc. Test Mater., Spec. Tech. Publ. 175, 1955. Used by permission of the American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia. 

Database construction has now become sufficiently widespread that the ASTM (the American Society for Testing and Materials... a standards organisation) has issued a manual on the building of databases (ASTM 1993) it incorporates advice on computer practice. 

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has introduced a number of test methods relating to protective clothing. For example, the ASTM F23 Committee on Protective Clothing has devised protocols for measuring chemical resistance of materials. There are not however, any comprehensive standards which list a minimum number of tests or chemicals to evaluate materials. 

The mean time to failure of various instrumentation and equipment parts would be known from the manufacturer s data or the employer s experience with the parts, which then influence inspection and testing frequency and associated procedures. Also, applicable codes and standards—such as the National Board Inspection Code, or those from the American Society for Testing and Materials, American Petroleum Institute, National Fire Protection Association, American National Standards Institute, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and other groups—provide information to help establish an effective testing and inspection frequency, as well as appropriate methodologies. 

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) first published a specification for tank vent flame arresters, FI273, in 1991 (ASTM 1991). This was reaffirmed in 1996. This specification provides the minimum requirements for design, constrncdon, performance, and tesdng of tank vent flame arresters (deflagradon flame arresters). 

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