Textiles Dacron polyester

Some amino resins are used as additives to modify the properties of other materials. For example, a small amount of amino resin added to textile fabric imparts the familiar wash-and-wear quaUties to shirts and dresses. Automobile tires are strengthened by amino resins which improve the adhesion of mbber to tire cord (qv). A racing sailboat may have a better chance to win because the sails of Dacron polyester have been treated with an amino resin (1). Amino resins can improve the strength of paper even when it is wet. Molding compounds based on amino resins are used for parts of electrical devices, botde and jar caps, molded plastic dinnerware, and buttons. 

Many molecules contain more than one function group (either the same or different). In such cases, condensation reactions involving two or more groups per molecule can lead to the formation of polymers, as mentioned above in the formation of proteins from amino acids (—NH2 and —COOH groups). From the standpoint of terminology, the unit or units that are joined together to produce a polymer are monomers with multiple units possible (dimer, trimer, etc.). An example of a man-made polymer involves the synthesis of polyester fiber, such as Dacron polyester on which the textile industry depends. 

The simplest aromatic carboxylic acid is benzoic acid. Derivatives are named by using numbers and prefixes to show the presence and location of substituents relative to the carboxyl group. Certain aromatic carboxylic acids have common names by which they are more usually known. For example, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid is more often called salicylic acid, a name derived from the fact that this aromatic carboxylic acid was finst obtained from the bark of the willow, a tree of the genus SaEx. Aromatic dicarboxylic acids are named by adding the words dicarboxylic acid to benzene. Examples are 1,2-benzenedicarboxyhc acid and 1,4-benzenedicar-boxylic acid. Each is more usually known by its common name phthahc acid and terephthalic acid, respectively. Terephthahc acid is one of the two organic components required for the synthesis of the textile fiber known as Dacron polyester (Section 16.4B). 

The crude polyester can be melted, extruded, and then cold drawn to form the textile fiber Dacron polyester, the outstanding features of which are its stiffness (about four times that of nylon 66), very high strength, and remarkable resistance to creasing and wrinkling. Because the early Dacron polyester fibers were harsh to the touch, due to... 

Aromatic dicarboxylic acids are named by adding the words dicarboxylic acid to benzene (e.g., 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid). Each is usually known by its common name phthalic acid and terephthalic acid, respectively. Terephthalic acid is one of the two organic components required for the synthesis of the textile fiber known as Dacron polyester, or Dacron (Section 29.5B). 

As we shall see in Section 29.5B, the material produced in this reaction is a high-molecular-weight polymer, which can be fabricated into Mylar films and into the textile fiber known as Dacron polyester. 

Poly(ethylene terephthalate), the predominant commercial polyester, has been sold under trademark names including Dacron (Du Pont), Terylene (ICI), Eortrel (Wellman), Trevira (Hoechst-Celanese), and others (17). Other commercially produced homopolyester textile fiber compositions iaclude p oly (1,4-cyc1 oh exa n e- dim ethyl en e terephthalate) [24936-69-4] (Kodel II, Eastman), poly(butylene terephthalate) [26062-94-2] (PBT) (Trevira, Hoechst-Celanese), and poly(ethylene 4-oxyben2oate) [25248-22-0] (A-Tell, Unitika). Other polyester homopolymer fibers available for specialty uses iaclude polyglycoHde [26124-68-5] polypivalolactone [24937-51-7] and polylactide [26100-51-6],... 

Ethylene glycol is the principal ingredient in automobile antifreeze and is also used to make polyester textile hbers such as Dacron. Glycerine is recovered as a by-product in the manufacture of soap and is used in cosmetics. Both glycerine and pentaerythritol are also used in the manufacture of paint and explosives. 

Both terephthalic acid (TPA) and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) are used exclusively for the manufacture of polyesters for textile fibers (e.g,. Dacron ), films, soft-drink bottles, and engineering resins for automotive applications. The glycol used for most TPA-based polyesters is ethylene glycol. The polyester is then known as polyethylene terephthalate, or PET. 

Polyesters are formed by step-growth polymerization using nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions, as we learned in Section 22.16B. For example, the reaction of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol forms polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a polymer commonly used in plastic soda bottles. Polyethylene terephthalate is also sold as Dacron, a lightweight and durable material used in textile manufacturing. 

The plastics industry and all the products made from plastics are almost entirely dependent on chemicals extracted or produced from hydrocarbons. This includes not only the familiar materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), epoxies, nylon, polyesters, polycarbonate. Teflon and Plexiglas, but also includes a large portion of materials made from rubber and a diverse group of other materials formulated from polymers such as tape, glue, ink, waterproofing, wax, and polishes. Virtually all the synthetic fibers used in textile products, Orion , Dacron , Nylon and polyesters are made from polymers based on hydrocarbons. 

A transesterification reaction is used to make the polyester fibres that are used for textile production. Terylene, or Dacron, for example, is a polyester of the... 

Saturated Polyesters (PET, PBT) The most prominent polymer in this family is polyethylene-terephthalate (PET), developed in 1945 as a condensation product between terephthalic acid and glycol. This linear polyester is used as a fiber (Terylene or Dacron ) or a film (Mylar ), but its main utility lies in the domain of bottles for soft drinks. Polybutylene-terephthalate (PBT) has also been introduced as an engineering material in addition to textiles. 

More than 2 million tons of poly(ethylene terephthalate), commonly referred to as PET or PETE, are produced in the United States each year for use in beverage bottles, apparel, tire cord, film for photography, food packi ing, coatings for microwave and conventional ovens, and home furnishings. Polyester textile fibers are marketed under such names as Dacron and Terylene. Films of the same polyester, when magnetically coated, are used to make audiotapes and videotapes. This film. Mylar, has unusual strength and can be rolled into sheets 1/30 the thickness of a human hair. 

Polyesters are derived from diacids and diols and have use as textile fibers such as Dacron. 

The history of thermoplastic polyester goes back to 1929 with the pioneering work of Carothers. The first aromatic polyester of importance is poly(ethylene terephthalate) commonly abbreviated PET (or PETE) and was prepared by Whinfield and Dickson. In 1941, they created the first polyester fibers called Terylene and first manufactured by Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI). PET was produced commercially in 1953 as fiber for textile industry (Dacron) by Dupont using modified nylon technology. Dupont polyester research rapidly leads to a whole range of trademarked products as Mylar, a strong polyester film. 

Blood vessel - Polyester (Dacron) polyurethane ePTFE PGA PLA PGLA (Vicryl) Textile (n, w, b, k)... 

In 1941-42, the world witnessed the infancy of polyethylene terephthal-ate, better known as the polyester. A decade later for the first time polyester/ cotton blends were introduced. In those days Terylene and Dacron (commercial names for polyester fibers) were miracle fibers but were still overshadowed by nylon. Not many would have predicted that decades later, polyester would have become the world s inexpensive, general purpose fiber as well as becoming a premium fiber for special functions in engineering textiles, fashion, and many other technical end uses. From the time nylon and polyester were first used, there have been amazing technological advances which have made them so cheap to manufacture and widely available. 

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a polymer that has been extensively used in cardiovascular implements and patches for multiple decades, ever since its introduction in England in 1939, followed by the development of its fiber form by DuPont in 1950. Sold in the United States under the brand name Dacron, PET is a thermoplastic polyester polymer resin used in the textile industry in the design of synthetic fabrics [9]. PET is composed of alternating chains of glycol and terephthalic acid. 

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