Automobile antifreeze

Ethylene oxide, the simplest epoxide, is an intermediate in the manufacture of both ethylene glycol, used for automobile antifreeze, and polyester polymers. More than 4 million tons of ethylene oxide is produced each year in the United States by air oxidation of ethylene over a silver oxide catalyst at 300 °C. This process is not useful for other epoxides, however, and is of little value in the laboratory. Note that the name ethylene oxide is not a systematic one because the -ene ending implies the presence of a double bond in the molecule. The name is frequently used, however, because ethylene oxide is derived pom ethylene by addition of an oxygen atom. Other simple epoxides are named similarly. The systematic name for ethylene oxide is 1,2-epoxyethane. 

Ethylene glycol is the principal ingredient in automobile antifreeze and is also used to make polyester textile hbers such as Dacron. Glycerine is recovered as a by-product in the manufacture of soap and is used in cosmetics. Both glycerine and pentaerythritol are also used in the manufacture of paint and explosives. 

Ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH) has a low molecular weight and a high boiling point and is miscible with water => ethylene glycol is an ideal automobile antifreeze. 

Automobile Antifreeze. Ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol are used as automobile antifreeze, and are produced by the reactions of ethylene oxide with water, as follows ... 

Ethylene glycol, commonly used as automobile antifreeze, contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Combustion analysis of a 23.46 mg sample yields 20.42 mg of H2O and 33.27 mg of C02. What is the empirical formula of ethylene glycol What is its molecular formula if it has a molecular mass of 62.0 amu ... 

Ethylene glycol, C2H4(OH)2, is a colorless liquid used as automobile antifreeze. If the density at 20°C of a 4.028 m solution of ethylene glycol in water is 1.0241 g/mL, what is the molarity of the solution The molar mass of ethylene glycol is 62.07 g/mol. 

What is the molality of the 40.0 mass % ethylene glycol solution used for automobile antifreeze (Problem 11.61) ... 

How many grams of ethylene glycol (automobile antifreeze, C HgC ) dissolved in 3.55 kg of water is needed to lower the freezing point of water in an automobile radiator to —22.0°C ... 

Industrial applications of corrosion inhibitors are too numerous to cover in the present context. The inhibitor industry amounts to several billion dollars annually. Applications of inhibitors in petroleum production, oil and gas wells and pipelines, potable water, water cooling towers, acid systems, automobile antifreeze systems, paints, boiler waters,... 

Glycerol is a liquid often used in automobile antifreeze and airplane deicing fluid. 

Epoxide rings are cleaved by treatment with acid just as other ethers are. The major difference is that epoxides react under much milder condition-because of ring strain. Dilute aqueous acid at room temperature is sufficiem to cause the hydrolysis of epoxides to 1,2-diols, also called vicina/glycols.(Th word vicinal means adjacent," and a glycol is a diol.) More than 3 millK tons of ethylene glycol, most of it used for automobile antifreeze, are produci each year in the United States by acid-catalyzed hydration of ethylene oxid Note that the name ethylene glycol refers to the glycol derived from ethylen just as ethylene oxide refers to the epoxide derived from ethylene. 

Unfortunately, children treated with the new liquid didn t get well. They died. In all, 107 people died (mostly children) from taking Elixir Sulfanilamide. Why The chemists who developed the elixir knew that sulfanilamide could not be dissolved in water so they used a different, untested liquid in which to dissolve the helpful drug. That liquid, which became the base for the new liquid medication, was called diethylene glycol. It was much like what we use in automobile antifreeze today. The liquid used to carry a beneficial drug to bacterial infections poisoned those who took it. 

Alkenes are named using the root names of the alkanes, with the -ane ending changed to -ene. The simplest aUcene is ethene, CH2=CH2, which contains two carbons linked in a chain. Ethene, a gas at room temperature, is the most important organic compound used in the chemical industry. Almost half of the ethene used is converted into plastics. It is also used to make automobile antifreeze, ethylene glycol. Figure 18.6 shows another use of ethene. 

Ethylene glycol (EG), CH2(OH)CH2(OH), is a common automobile antifreeze. It is water soluble and fairly nonvolatile (b.p. 197°C). Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 651 g of this substance in 2505 g of water. Would you keep this substance in your car radiator during the summer The molar mass of ethylene glycol is 62.01 g. 

An industrial chemist is studying small organic compounds for their potential use as an automobile antifreeze. When 0.243 g of a compound is dissolved in 25.0 mL of water, the freezing point of the solution is —0.201°C. 

Ethylene glycol is the main component in automobile antifreeze. To monitor the temperature of an auto cooling system, you intend to use a meter that reads from 0 to 100. You devise a new temperature scale based on the approximate melting and boiling points of a typical antifreeze solution (-45°C and 115°C). You wish these points to correspond to 0°A and 100°A, respectively. 

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