Tert-butyl ethyl ketone

When this reaction vas further investigated using trimethylsilyltrifluoro-methanesulfonate (MesSiOTf) as Levris acid some interesting results vere reported. MesSiOTf-mediated aldol reaction of silicon enolates and acetals tends to give syn-/i-methoxy ketones as a major products, irrespective of the stereochemistry of the silicon enolate double bond, except for the (Z) silicon enolate of tert-butyl ethyl ketone 57 (Table 3.3) [29]. 

Butyl ether, dl48 Butyl ethyl ketone, hi5 tert-Butyl fluoride, f22... 

Table 2.5 Comparison between equilibrium (eq) and nonequilibrium (neq) B3LYP/6-3IC(d) intensity shifts (km mob ) with respect to the gas phase for dimethyl ketone (DMK), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), sec-butyl methyl ketone (SBMK) and tert-butyl methyl ketone (TBMK). Experimental data from ref [53] are also shown for comparison...

Note Abbreviations Dimethyl ketone (DMK), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), ec-buthyl methyl ketone (SBMK), and tert-butyl methyl ketone (TBMK). Experimental data from ref. 215. 

METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE n-PENTYL FORMATE n-BUTYL ACETATE sec-BUTYL ACETATE tert-BUTYL ACETATE ETHYL n-BUTYRATE ETHYL ISOBUTYRATE ISOBUTYL ACETATE n-PROPYL PROPIONATE CYCLOHEXYL PEROXIDE DIACETONE ALCOHOL 2-ETHYL BUTYRIC ACID n-HEXANOIC ACID 2-ETHOXYETHYL ACETATE HYDROXYCAPROIC ACID PARALDEHYDE... 

Mixed C4 olefins (primarily iC4) are isolated from a mixed C olefin and paraffin stream. Two different liquid adsorption high-purity C olefin processes exist the C4 Olex process for producing isobutylene (iCf ) and the Sorbutene process for producing butene-1. Isobutylene has been used in alcohol synthesis and the production of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and isooctane, both of which improve octane of gasoHne. Commercial 1-butene is used in the manufacture of both hnear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE)., polypropylene, polybutene, butylene oxide and the C4 solvents secondary butyl alcohol (SBA) and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). While the C4 Olex process has been commercially demonstrated, the Sorbutene process has only been demonstrated on a pilot scale. 

TABLE 5.1. SYNTHESIS OF 3-ARYL-5-tert-BUTYL-2(3H)-OXAZOLONES FROM ETHYL A-ARYLCARBAMATES AND a-BROMO KETONES"... 

Action of Diethylamine on Decomposition of Ethyl tert-Butyl Peroxide. The rate of decomposition of ethyl ferf-butyl peroxide is decreased by adding diethylamine (Figure 7), and the yield of products is altered (Table II). Again, the yield of methane is increased at the expense of ethane and f erf-butyl alcohol is increased at the expense of acetone. Ethanol and acetaldehyde are formed in considerably greater amounts. The yields of carbon monoxide and methyl ethyl ketone are decreased. 

Suitable inert solvents include methyl ethyl ketone, benzene, ethylbenzene and toluene. Suitable initiators include peresters and peroxycarbonates such as ferf-butyl perbenzoate, ferf-butyl peroxy isopropyl carbonate, fcrf-butyl peroctoate, tert-butyl peroxy isonon-... 

Pentanoate Ethyl 2-Fluoro-3-hydroxy-3-methyl- ElOb, 454 (Ketone + F-CH2-COOR) Propanoatc tert.-Butyl 2-Fluoro-2-methoxy- ElOa, 495 (Na F) 2-Propanole 3-Fluoro-l-(2-tetra-hydropyranoyloxy)- ElOb, 152 (Oxirane + R3N H,F3)... 

Tetrahydrobenzo[6]thiophen-4-one (103) may be prepared from y-(2-thienyl)butyric acid by cyclization with phosphoric acid854 or by Friedel-Crafts cyclization of the corresponding acid chloride.194, 355.358 j s 5-methyl,357 2-ethyl,194 2-isopropyl,358 2- and 3-tert-butyl,359 2,3-dimethyl,360 2-ethyl-3-methyl,360 and 2-bromo 354 derivatives and diethyl 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[6]thiophene-4,5-di-carboxylate861 may be prepared similarly. 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydrobenzo-[6]thiophen-7-one (104)357 362,863 and its 5- and 6-methyl 357 and 2-chloro 362 derivatives are obtained from the appropriately substituted y-(3-thienyl)butyric acid, A recent patent 364 describes the vapor phase cyclization of y-(2-thienyl)butyric acid to 103. Ketones (103 and 104) are useful intermediates for the synthesis of 4- and 7-substituted benzo[6]thiophenes, respectively their reactions are discussed in Section VI, B, 4. 

Use of the preformed Z-silyl enol ether 18 results in quite substantial anti/syn selectivity (19 20 up to 20 1), with enantiomeric purity of the anti adducts reaching 99%. The chiral PT-catalyst 12 (Schemes 4.6 and 4.7) proved just as efficient in the conjugate addition of the N-benzhydrylidene glycine tert-butyl ester (22, Scheme 4.8) to acrylonitrile, affording the Michael adduct 23 in 85% yield and 91% ee [10]. This primary product was converted in three steps to L-ornithine [10]. The O-allylated cinchonidine derivative 21 was used in the conjugate addition of 22 to methyl acrylate, ethyl vinyl ketone, and cydohexenone (Scheme 4.8) [12]. The Michael-adducts 24-26 were obtained with high enantiomeric excess and, for cydohexenone as acceptor, with a remarkable (25 1) ratio of diastereomers (26, Scheme 4.8). In the last examples solid (base)-liquid (reactants) phase-transfer was applied. 

The first example of a catalytic asymmetric Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction was recently reported by Arai et al. [78]. It is based on the use of a chiral quaternary ammonium salt as a phase-transfer catalyst, 78, derived from cinchonine. Catalytic amounts (20 mol%) of organocatalyst 78 were initially used in the Homer-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction of ketone 75a with a variety of phospho-nates as a model reaction. The condensation products of type 77 were obtained in widely varying yields (from 15 to 89%) and the enantioselectivity of the product was low to moderate (< 43%). Although yields were usually low for methyl and ethyl phosphonates the best enantioselectivity was observed for these substrates (43 and 38% ee, respectively). In contrast higher yields were obtained with phosphonates with sterically more demanding ester groups, e.g. tert-butyl, but ee values were much lower. An overview of this reaction and the effect of the ester functionality is given in Scheme 13.40. 

Other peroxides—2,6-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide lauroyl peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide—are also highly effective for the free radical reaction at low temperatures. On the other hand, azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) is ineffective. Hence, the mechanism cannot be simple, free radical formation which then initiates polymerization. 

The situation is similar with cyclic boronates, which are prepared by the following procedure. Steroid (10 pmol) and the respective substituted boric acid (10 jumol) are dissolved in ethyl acetate (1 ml) and the mixture is allowed to stand for 5 min at room temperature. Under these conditions, 17,20-diols, 20,21-diols and 17,20,21-triols are converted completely into boronates. Cyclic boronate was mainly produced from 17,21-dihydroxy-20-ketone, but side-products also appeared, the formation of which could be suppressed by adding a 10% excess of the reagent [387—389]. Different substituents on the boron atom, such as methyl, n-butyl, tert.-butyl, cyclohexyl and phenyl, are interesting from the viewpoint of GC—MS application. They are further suitable for converting isolated hydroxyl groups into TMS or acetyl derivatives. 

Nomenclature The most recent IUPAC nomenclature is stressed throughout the book, but common nomenclature is also discussed and used to develop students familiarity. Teaching only the IUPAC nomenclature might be justifiable in theory, but such an approach would handicap students in their further study and use of the literature. Much of the literature of chemistry, biology, and medicine uses common names such as methyl ethyl ketone, isovaleric acid, methyl tert-butyl ether, -y-aminobutyric acid, and e-caprolactam. This book emphasizes why systematic nomenclature is often preferred, yet it encourages familiarity with common names as well. 

The gas approximates plug flow except in wide columns, but the liquid undergoes considerable backmixing. The latter effect can be reduced with packing or perforated plates. The effect on selectivity may become important. In the oxidation of liquid n-butane, for instance, the ratio of methyl ethyl ketone to acetic acid is much higher in plug flow than in mixed. Similarly, in the air oxidation of isobutane to tcrf-butyl hydroperoxide, where tert-butanol also is obtained, plug flow is more desirable. 

Adamantan 1 -Ethyl-2-hydroxy-E 9c, 392 (C-Gerustumlagerung) m-Bicyclo 6.2.0 decan 9,9-Dimethyl-10-oxo- IV/4, 187 E17e, 214 (Keten-imin + En NaOH), 272 (Keton + 1,1 -Br2 — cyclopropan/R — Li A) Bieyclo 3.2.0 heptan 3-tert.-Butyl-1-methyl-6-oxo- E17e, 237 (2-CH2Tos-subst.-cyclohexanon/ NaOH)... 

C8H1802 methyl ethyl ketone peroxide 1338-23-4 478.13 41.787 2 15651 C8H19N N-isopropyl-N-methyl-tert-butyl amine 85523-00-8 400.15 31.116 1,2... 

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