Temperature acclimation

Cyanobacteria, prokaryotic algae that perform oxygenic photosynthesis, respond to a decrease in ambient growth temperature by desaturating the fatty acids of membrane lipids to compensate for the decrease in the molecular motion of the membrane lipids at low temperatures. During low-temperature acclimation of cyanobacterial cells, the desaturation of fatty acids occurs without de novo synthesis of fatty acids [110, 111]. All known cyanobacterial desaturases are intrinsic membrane proteins that act on acyl-Hpid substrates. 

Phenolic compounds may be involved in plant responses to cold stress and in plant acclimation to low temperature. Acclimation of apple trees to cold climates was found to be associated with a seasonal accumulation of chlorogenic acid [102]. Strengthened frost tolerance in a variety of plants were attributed to thicker cell-wall lignification or suberization [102]. Thickening of cell walls and increased production of suberin-type lipids were observed in cold-acclimated winter rye leaves [103]. The presence of suberin in cell walls may favour membrane cell-wall adhesion, a major factor in the resistance of plant cells to freezing [104]. 

Huner, N.P.A. Macdowall, F.D.H. (1979). The effects of low temperature acclimation on the catalytic properties of its ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry 57, 1036-41. 

Kushad, M.M. Yelenosky, G. (1987). Evaluation of polyamine and proline levels during low temperature acclimation of citrus. Plant Physiology 84, 692-5. 

Lang, V., Heino, P. Palva, E.T. (1989). Low temperature acclimation and treatment with exogenous abscisic acid induce common polypeptides in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 77, 729-34. 

Campbell, C.M. and Davis, P.S. (1978). Temperature acclimation in the teleost, Blennius pholis, changes in enzyme activity and cell structure. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 61B, 165-167. 

Christiansen, J.A. (1984). Changes in phospholipid classes and fatty acid desaturation and incorporation into phospholipids during temperature acclimation of green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus. Physiological Zoology 57,481-492. 

Driedzic, W., Selivonchick, D.P. and Roots, B.J. (1976). Alk-l-enyl ether-containing lipids of goldfish brain and temperature acclimation. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 53B, 311-314. 

Haschemeyer, A.E. (1969). Oxygen consumption of temperature-acclimated toad-fish (Opsanus tau). Biological Bulletin, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole 136, 28-33. 

Hazel, J.R. (1972). The effect of temperature acclimation upon succinic dehydrogenase activity from the muscle of common goldfish lipid reactivation of the soluble enzyme. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 43B, 863-882. 

Hazel, J.R. and Livermore, R.C. (1990). Fatty-acyl coenzyme A pool in liver of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Effects of temperature acclimation. Journal of Experimental Zoology 256,31-37. 

Hochachka, P.W. and Hayes, F.R. (1962). The effect of temperature acclimation on pathways of glucose metabolism in the trout. Canadian Journal of Zoology 20, 261-270. 

Johnston, I.A. and Maitland, B. (1980). Temperature acclimation in crucian carp, morphometric analyses of muscle fibre ultrastructure. Journal of Fish Biology 17, 113-125. 

Johnston, I.A., Davison, W. and Goldspink, G. (1975). Adaptations in Mg2+-activated myofibrillar ATPase activity induced by temperature acclimation. FEBS Letters 50, 293-295. 

Jones, P.L. and Sidell, B.D. (1982). Metabolic responses of striped bass to temperature acclimation. II. Alterations in metabolic carbon sources and distributions of fibre types in locomotory muscle. Journal of Experimental Zoology 219,163-171. 

Rome, L.C., Loughna, P.T. and Goldspink, G. (1985). Temperature acclimation improved sustained swimming performance in carp at low temperatures. Science, New York 228,194-1%. 

Figure 7.26. Temperature acclimation and phospholipid class. Changes in the ratio of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in membranes of gill cells isolated from rainbow trout acclimating to 5°C and 25°C (Hazel and Carpenter, 1985.)...

Plant respiration is a relatively constant proportion of GPP, when ecosystems are compared. Although the respiration rate of any given plant increases exponentially with ambient temperature, acclimation and adaptation counterbalance this direct temperature effect on respiration. Plants from hot environments have lower respiration rates at a given temperature than do plants from cold places (Billings et al., 1971 Billings and Mooney, 1968 Mooney and Bilhngs, 1961). The net result of these counteracting temperature effects is that plants from different thermal environments have similar respiration rates, when measured at their mean habitat temperature (Semikhatova, 2000). 

Macfarlane C., Adams MA, Hansen LD. Application of an enthalpy balance model of the relation between growth and respiration to temperature acclimation of Eucalyptus globulus seedlings. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 2002 269(1499) 1499-1507. 

Exceptions to cold temperature adaptation being accompanied by shorter chain or more unsaturated fatty acids Include mycelial phospholipids with greater unsaturation when grown at 36 C vs 20 C (77), and the lack of correlation of cold temperature acclimation with Increased lipid unsaturation or membrane fluidity by four fungi representative of four different fungal classes (78). 

CHANGES OP PHOTOSYNTHETIC MEMBRANE AND CELL RESISTANCE OP A LEAP OP WHEAT SEEDLINGS DURING TEMPERATURE ACCLIMATION... 

Temperature acclimation of plants is Icnown to be connected with the increased resistance of munerous cellular structures and functions (1,2). But if some authors think that adaptation is based on temperature induced conformational rearrangements of macromolecules (1), the others see its reason in a quantitative and qualitative changes observed in the protein complex of a cell (3) We believed (4), that both above mechanisms function in plants mutually supplemeting each other. It is assumed that a real contribution of each of them is dependent on the Intensity and duration of temperature effects, biological characteristics of the object and on occumpanying conditions (illumination, humidity, etc). 

RNA concentration increases in the white muscle of fish following low temperature acclimation have been reported (Goolish et al. 1984 Foster etal. 1990b). The former authors hypothesised that increased muscle RNA concentration in cold acclimated fish compensated for a reduction in RNA activity with low water temperatures. Some tissues of rainbow trout (Fauconneau and Arnal 1985) and cod (Foster et al. 1990b) show reduced RNA activities at low temperatures suggesting a thermal compensatory mechanism. RNA activities of mammals are higher than those reported for ectotherms (e.g. Bates et al. 1987). There is therefore support for the idea that increased RNA concentrations in tissues act as a compensatory mechanism for low temperature acclimation. 

Haschemeyer AEV (1968) Compensation of liver protein synthesis in temperature acclimated toadfish, Opsanus tau. Biol Bull 135 130-140... 

Haschemeyer AEV (1978) Protein metabolism and its role in temperature acclimation. In Malins DC, Sargent JR (eds) Biochemical and biophysical perspectives in Marine biology, Vol4. Academic Press, London, pp 29-84... 

Koban M (1986) Can cultured teleost hepatocytes show temperature acclimation Am J Physiol 250 211-220... 

Nielsen JBK, Plant PW, Haschemeyer AEV (1977) Control of protein synthesis in temperature acclimation 11. Correlation of elongation factor 1. Activity with elongation rate in vivo. Physiol Zool 56 22-30... 

White muscle 65-kDa protein from warm temperature-acclimated goldfish Carassius auratus) [532]... 

Simpson, M.V. Haard, N.F. Temperature acclimation of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and its influence on freezing point and biochemical damage of postmortem muscle during storage at 0 C and -3 C. J. Food Biochem. 1987a, 11, 69-93... 

Huner NPA, Oquist G, Hurry VM, Krol M, Falk S, and Griffith M. Photosynthesis, photoinhibition and low temperature acclimation in cold tolerant plants. Photosynth Res. 1993 37 19-39. 

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