D-Glucose metabolism

T. Nakada, I.L. Kwee, C.B. Conboy, Noninvasive in vivo denonstratlon of 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose metabolism beyond the hexokinase reaction In rat-brain by F-19 nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy. J. Neurochem. 46 (1986) 198. 

Other d-metals are also vital to health. For example, chromium(III) plays a role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Copper(I) is an essential nutrient for healthy cells and is the only biologically available Lewis acid with a + 1 charge. 

Coe and Bessell and coworkers studied the metabolic fates of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (2DFG) and related compounds by using yeast hexokinase (as a model for mammalian hexokinase), and determined the kinetic constants K and V ) of the Michaelis-Menten equation D-glucose 0.17 (K in mAf)> 1 00 (relative value, D-glucose taken as 1) 2DG 0.59 0.11, 0.85 2DFG 0.19 0.03, 0.50 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-mannose (2DFM) 0.41 0.05, 0.85 2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-D-nraZ>//Jo-hexose... 

The incorporation and metabolism of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-[ H]glucose and -D-[ H]mannose in yeast and chick-embryo cells has been studied. 2-Deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose, 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-mannose, and their GDP and UDP derivatives were found to interfere with protein (involving that of... 

Dextrose (D-glucose) is the major immediate energy source in PN and is vital for cellular metabolism, body protein preservation, and cellular growth. 

Volkow ND, Gillespie H, Mullani N, Tancredi L, Grant C, Ivanovic M, Hollister L. Cerebellar metabolic activation by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabi-nol in human brains. A study with positron emission tomography and 18F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose. Psychiat Res 1991 40 69-80. 

Fig. 7.16. Ketoconazole had no effect on human effective in vivo permeability (Pefr) of R/S-verapamil, antipyrine, and D-glucose. The data suggest that extensive intracellular metabolism (in the enterocyte mediated by CYP 3A4) of substrates such as R/S-verapamil...

In this connection there should also be mentioned the formation of carlic acid (XC) from LXXXIX (formed from D-glucose as a metabolic product of the mold Penicillium charlesii G. Smith47). 

In addition to these interconversions, the metabolism of fat and the metabolism of carbohydrate are inseparably related. This fact is most clearly demonstrated by the appearance of such abnormal products of fat oxidation as the so-called ketone bodies in the blood and urine whenever the supply of carbohydrate is deficient or in cases where the organism is unable to metabolize this foodstuff. Whether ketonuria results because the metabolism of fat must occur concomitantly with that of D-glucose (ketolysis), or whether the presence of D-glucose prevents any fat breakdown because it is preferentially oxidized (antiketogenesis) is still a moot question. 

It must be evident to the reader that the experimental findings, on which support for the conversion of fatty acids to D-glucose in the animal organism must necessarily be based, are subjects of violent controversy. On the other hand, no one questions that the plant possesses the power to transform fatty acids to carbohydrate in the course of its usual metabolism. One naturally has reason to inquire why a reaction of such fundamental importance should be confined exclusively to the plant kingdom. 

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