Desaturation, fatty acid

On the other hand, in the fatty acid desaturation reaction, molecular oxygen is not incorporated into the final product. Nevertheless, monooxygenation is believed... 

Fatty acid synthesis (provides acetyl-CoA) Fatty acid synthesis Fatty acid desaturation Triacylglycerol synthesis... 

Cook, H. W., Fatty acid denaturation and chain elongation in eucaryotes. In D. E. Vance, and J. E. Vance (eds.). Biochemistry of Lipids, Lipoproteins and Membranes. Amsterdam Elsevier Science Publishers, 1991. Provides an advanced and current treatment of fatty acid desaturation and its regulation, and cites other key references to this field. 

The possibility that the second electron is derived from NADH through cytochrome bs has been the subject of argument for some time and has yet to be completely resolved. Cytochrome bs is a widely distributed microsomal heme protein that is involved in metabolic reactions such as fatty acid desaturation that involve endogenous substrates. It is clear, however, that cytochrome bs is not essential for all... 

Christiansen, J.A. (1984). Changes in phospholipid classes and fatty acid desaturation and incorporation into phospholipids during temperature acclimation of green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus. Physiological Zoology 57,481-492. 

Stukey J. E., McDonough V. M. and Martin C. E. (1989) Isolation and characterization of OLE1, a gene affecting fatty acid desaturation from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 264, 16537-16544. 

Euglena ferredoxin fatty acid desaturation (40, 41) inactive... 

Fatty acid desaturation is a ubiquitous lipid modification that is critically important to aerobic life forms in two major ways ... 

Figure 2 Consensus mechanism for fatty acid desaturation. The related minor hydroxylation pathway also is shown.

Cook HW, McMaster CR. Fatty acid desaturation and chain elongation in eukaryotes. In Biochemistry of Lipids, Lipoproteins and Membranes, 4th edition. Vance DE, Vance JE, eds. 2002. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 

Chloroplast ferredoxin is a small water soluble protein M W 000) containing an Fe-S center [245]. Its midpoint potential ( — 0.42 V [246]) is suitable for acting as an electron acceptor from the PSI Fe-S secondary acceptors (Centers A and B) and as a donor for a variety of functions on the thylakoid membrane surface and in the stroma. Due to its hydrophylicity and its abundance in the stromal space, ferredoxin is generally considered as a diffusable reductant not only for photosynthetic non-cyclic and cyclic electron flow, but also for such processes as nitrite and sulphite reduction, fatty acid desaturation, N2 assimilation and regulation of the Calvin cycle enzyme through the thioredoxin system [245]. Its possible role in cyclic electron flow around PSI has already been discussed. The mobility of ferredoxin along the membrane plane could be an essential feature of this electron transfer process the actual electron acceptor for this function and the pathway of electron to plastoquinone is, however, still undefined. 

A -Desaturase, A -desaturase, and A -desaturase catalyze the fatty acid desaturation reactions in mammals. When A -desaturase acts on an omega-6 fatty acid, it remains an omega-6 fatty acid. When A -desaturase acts on an omega-3 fatty acid, it remains an omega-3 fatty acid. The desaturases received their names according to where their site of action is relative to the COOH-carbon. 

Elet ron Flow for Fatty Acid Desaturation at the Endoplasmic Reticulum... 

FIGURE 10.27 Role of c3rtochromes in steroid hormone s)mthesis and fatty acid desaturation. 

The answer is c. (Klurray, pp 505-626. Scriver, pp 4029-4240. Sack, pp 121-138. Wilson, pp 287-320.) In mammals, arachidonic (5,8,11,15-eicosatetraenoic) acid can only be synthesized from essential fatty acids derived from the diet. Linoleic (9,12-octadecadienoic) acid produces arachidonic acid following two desaturations and chain elongation. While linolenic (9,12,15-octadecatrienoic) acid also is an essential fatty acid, desaturation and elongation produce 8,11,14,17-eicosatetraenoic acid, which is distinct from arachidonic acid. Oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids are all nonessential fatty acids that cannot give rise to arachidonic acids in mammals. 

Eck G, Wynn JO, Carter WJ, Faas EH. Fatty acid desaturation in experimental diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 1979 28 479 85. 

Signalling Pathways Controlling Fatty Acid Desaturation... 

There are two major mechanisms by which bacteria synthesize UFAs mostly of them, including Escherichia coli, synthesize UFAs anaerobically (Mansilla et al., 2004) whereas some prokaryotes such as cyanobacteria, bacilli, mycobacteria and pseudomonads use an oxygen-dependent fatty acid desaturation pathway (Mansilla and de Mendoza, 2005 Phetsuksiri et al., 2003 Zhu et al., 2006). 

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