TEGDMA

SFE has also been used to analyse phenanthrene in PET and PMMA [404]. Nazem and Taylor [405] used SFE to determine antioxidant (Irganox 1010/1076, Irgafos 168) recovery from variously TEGDMA cross-linked polymethacrylates (PMMA, PEMA, PBMA). 

Tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), 43 733, 734 Tetraethylene glycol bis(allyl carbonate) properties of, 2 253t T etr aethylenepentamine physical properties, 8 486t... 

TM =TMPTMA, EM = EGDMA, DM = DEGDMA, TEM = TEGDMA. PM = PEGDMA. conditions as in footnote a, Table VIII. 

Monomer I (MAA) was dissolved in methanol and I moI% of crosslinking agent, tetraethyleneglycol dimethylacrylate (TEGDMA) (Polysciences, Inc., Warrington, PA), and I wt% of initiator, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenyI acetophenone (DMPA Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI) were added. The solution was cast on glass plates equipped with spacers and reacted under an UV source with an intensity of 1 mW/cm for 30 min. Polymer I (PMAA) was removed from the plates, washed in deionized water to remove all unreacted monomers, cut into discs, and dried in a vacuum oven. 

The dried polymer network 1 was then swollen in monomer Il/methanol solution (NlPAAm/CH30H) to equilibrium. The solution contained 1 mol% of TEGDMA and 1 wt% of DMPA. The swollen gel was UV polymerized for 10 min to form the IPN. The IPN was then washed in pH = 7.4 buffer solution to remove the unreacted monomers. 

Compomers contain no water, but rather are mainly formulated from the same components as conventional composite resins. Typically this means macromonomers, such as bis-glycidyl ether dimethacrylate (bisGMA) or its derivatives and/or urethane dimethacrylate, blended with viscosity-reducing diluents, such as triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). These polymer systems are filled with non-reactive inorganic powders, for example, quartz or a silicate glass [271]. 

The majority of resins are composed of two dimethacrylate monomers, 2,2 -bis [4(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropyloxy)phenyl] propane (Bis-GMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) [22-28]. Typically, TEGDMA or other methacrylate monomers are added as viscosity modifiers to Bis-GMA to make the solution less viscous and more appropriate for clinical use. These diluents also allow for better distribution of the components during manufacture of these composite systems. Another common monomer used to make dental composites, especially those manufactured in Europe, is urethane dimethacrylate [24,29, 30], Ethoxy bisphenol A dimethacrylate is another modification of the Bis-GMA monomer that can be used to make a more hydrophobic polymer that would better withstand the wet oral environment. Other diluents include low viscosity diacrylates and dimethacrylates. Table 1 lists some of these monomers [31-37]. 

There is also a possibility that someone can develop a type IV delayed hypersensitivity to some monomers. Of the monomers used, TEGDMA and HEMA may have the highest incident of sensitivity, but that incidence is extremely low. Though there are no literature reports of toxicity to composite resins over the 30 years of dental use, there are investigations into the potential for at least an allergic response to degradation products or extractable components [181]. 

For instance, conductometric transduction has been used for determination of an atrazine herbicide in the concentration range 4.6-231.8 mM [165]. A sintered glass frit was used as the support for the MIP film prepared by thermo-radical polymerization. However, both the response time of 30 min and the chemosensor recovery time of 12 h were long. For better performance, the MIP film was prepared by photo-radical co-polymerization of a chloroform solution, which contained tri (ethylene glycol)dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), MAA, and oligourethane acrylate, sandwiched between two quartz slides (Table 6). 

Fig. 19. Correlation of S in mL of water sorbed at liquid saturation per gram of Gly-MA-co-TEGDMA copolymers (prepared by Refojo [145] in 1965) with the corresponding calculated cube root of the average number of backbone carbon atoms between crosslink junctions...

INDUCTION OF DIFFERENTIATION IN HL-60 HUMAN LEUKEMIA CELLS BY HEMA, TEGDMA AND BIS-GMA... 

In the last generation endodontic and restorative materials molecules such as 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA), triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxy)-phenyl]propane (Bis-GMA) are present. In the clinical use these compounds are chemically or photochemically polymerised and the degree of polymerization - which is never complete - determines the release of some quantity of uncured monomers in the pulpar cavity. Thus, the pulpal tissues can be exposed - through the dentinal diffusion - to these compounds that may cause inflammatory reactions and cellular damage, as confirmed by several reports. ... 

In this study we show that HEMA, TEGDMA and Bis-GMA act as differianting agents on HL-60 cell line. 

The stock solutions were prepared immediately before use. TEGDMA, Bis-GMA, ATRA were dissolved in DMSO at various concentrations. HEMA was added at... 

TEGDMA (at concentrations higher than 0.2 mM) and HEMA at concentration of... 

The obtained results (Figure 1) elicited that the inhibitory effect of TEGDMA on cell growth depend on a cytotoxic action only at concentrations of 0.6 mM and 0.775 mM (p<0.01) while Bis-GMA action seems to be independent on a direct cytotoxic action of the monomer. In Figure 2 the CL response of HL-60 cell line is shown, results clearly indicate that HL-60 cells recover the oxidative burst in a dose-dependent manner, after stimulation with PMA. 

In this study we investigated the activity of three acrylate monomers on HL-60 cells by examining of some functional parameters. Ours results clearly indicate that TEGDMA and Bis-GMA, in a dose-dependent manner, reduces cellular proliferation in HL-60 leukemia cell line. This antiproliferative effect of these monomers seems to depend on a cytostatic activity with a cytotoxic effect only at 0.6 and 0.775 mM concentrations. Moreover, the effect on cell proliferation appears higher than that observed with ATRA. HEMA, on the contrary, do not shows any effect on the cellular proliferation. All monomers induce the differentiation process of HL-60 cell line as indicated by the presence of CL activity which is strictly dependent on the appearance of respiratory burst in human myeloid tumour cell lines. 

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