Tool Teams

The following sections describe the initial site visit, evidence management, team tools and supplies, tips on photography, and witness interview techniques. Some activities may proceed simultaneously therefore, the investigation team may have to split up assignments. The team leader should make sure everyone understands their roles. 

Art is an important teaming tool that helps students get the picture. The third edition of Heat and Mass Transfer A Practical Approach contains more figures and illustrations than any other book in this caiegor). ... 

The core team for a new vacuum cleaner motor is usually small (ca. 3 members). Internal communication, therefore, is not problematic. It is not realistic to collocate the extended team (tooling, assembly line, process planning). Extended team members are working on the project part-time only. Specific knowledge and methods for the vacuum-cleaner development are presented in Fig. 22.10. 

Figure 2.4 Overview of Human Performance Tools, Example Flow Diagram of Work Team Tool Use. DOE (2009a).

Seven of the tools of quahty have been summarized (43). The first tool is a flow chart, used to help understand the organizational flow of a procedure or process. A flow chart should be constmcted with the fiiU participation of the people who do the work. Its principal benefit is to enable teams, such as problem-solving or productivity improvement teams, to reach a common vision of the work flow. Its use enables the improvement effort to begin with this common understanding. Figure 3 contains an example for manufacture of a polymeric material. 

DFA is one of the main tools and techniques prescribed by the PIM process. Other tools and techniques currently specified include QFD, FMEA and DOE. Significant benefits have been obtained through the use of the tools and techniques in a team-based concurrent engineering environment. They inject method, objectivity... 

Even with the aid of tools and teehniques, engineering is still a task that requires ereative solutions (Urban and Hauser, 1993). Companies reeognizing the importanee of produet development have searehed to resolve this problem, with most opting for some kind of team approaeh , involving a multitude of persons supposedly providing the neeessary breadth of experienee in order to obtain produetion friendly produets . 

An important way of eneouraging multi-funetional team working, however, is to use tools and teehniques that provide struetured ways of aehieving important objeetives, sueh as (Parker, 1997) ... 

DFA/DFM is a team-based product design evaluation tool which, through simple structured analysis, gives the information required by designers to achieve ... 

Adequate resources are fundamental to any project, but even more so to a well-functioning health and safety program. Many mishaps have been traced to improperly trained workers, lack of adequate tools and equipment, or requirements for personnel to work excessive hours or at unfamiliar jobs because of inadequate staffing or lack of adequate resources. The multidisciplinary team approach can help to identify required resources and can help balance, identify, and coordinate necessary assets. 

Once you have gatheted the infonnation you need, your next challenge is to organize it so that you and the team can readily identify gaps and overlaps. Several tools can help you. 

Try to select Quality Management tools that the integration team and other staff in your organization are familiar with otherwise invest time in training. 

By measuring the L-isoleucine/o-alloisoleucine ratio in the protein isolated from the eggshells of an extinct Australian bird, a team of scientists recently determined that this bird lived approximately 50,000 years ago. Radiocarbon ( " C) dating is not accurate for samples older than about 35,000 years, so AAR is a useful addition to the tools available to paleontologists. 

An obvious drawback in RCM-based synthesis of unsaturated macrocyclic natural compounds is the lack of control over the newly formed double bond. The products formed are usually obtained as mixture of ( /Z)-isomers with the (E)-isomer dominating in most cases. The best solution for this problem might be a sequence of RCAM followed by (E)- or (Z)-selective partial reduction. Until now, alkyne metathesis has remained in the shadow of alkene-based metathesis reactions. One of the reasons maybe the lack of commercially available catalysts for this type of reaction. When alkyne metathesis as a new synthetic tool was reviewed in early 1999 [184], there existed only a single report disclosed by Fiirstner s laboratory [185] on the RCAM-based conversion of functionalized diynes to triple-bonded 12- to 28-membered macrocycles with the concomitant expulsion of 2-butyne (cf Fig. 3a). These reactions were catalyzed by Schrock s tungsten-carbyne complex G. Since then, Furstner and coworkers have achieved a series of natural product syntheses, which seem to establish RCAM followed by partial reduction to (Z)- or (E)-cycloalkenes as a useful macrocyclization alternative to RCM. As work up to early 2000, including the development of alternative alkyne metathesis catalysts, is competently covered in Fiirstner s excellent review [2a], we will concentrate here only on the most recent natural product syntheses, which were all achieved by Fiirstner s team. 

Factorial tables, hierarchical trees, and associated mathematical models are elementary tools used to guide the efforts of the design team ... 

Liroff offers a benchmarking tool to assess progress in corporate management of product detoxification. The tool can be used internally by senior corporate management teams or externally by investors and investment analysts to screen investments, assess best in class ... 

Research users need full access to the functional elements of the spectrometer system and require the most efficient and flexible tools for MR sequence and application development. If the measurement methods delivered with the software do not adequately address the specific investigational requirements of a research team, modem NMR software is an open architecture for implementing new and more sophisticated functionality, with full direct access to all hardware controlling parameters. After evaluation, the new functionality can be developed with the help of toolbox functions that allow rapid prototyping and final builds, to enable the new sequence to be executed by non-experienced personnel and then used in routine applications. These toolboxes provide application oriented definitions and connect to standard mechanisms and routine interfaces, such as the geometry editor, configuration parameters or spectrometer adjustments. 

In most cases, in consultation with the HTS group, the research area laboratory will develop a benchtop assay that is at least compatible with the HTS format of choice for their target. This tends to facilitate project transitions and provides a tool that the research area laboratory will use later to follow up hits and develop SAR. In other cases, the HTS assay development group will assume all responsibility for assay development. The formality of the transfer of the project from the research area to the HTS group varies between organizations, but the outcomes are quite similar. All of the details of the prototype assay are reviewed by both teams, and, where applicable, reagents, protocols, and even plates or pipette tips are exchanged. 

The ultimate goal of all scientists is to analyze their data thoroughly until they are sure that it is valid and to then analyze it in a more global context and discuss it with their colleagues. This workflow requires enterprise level IT tools that can effectively compare and correlate multiple HTS campaigns that generated millions of results from hundreds of thousands of compounds, recognize and chart trends and hierarchies of association and help the scientist visualize them, annotate them, and render the visualizations in media that can be used to share that vision with other members of the team. 

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