Tars, nitrated

Tars, Nitrated. See under Coal Tar and Coal Tar Pitch" in Vol 3, C379-R to C380-R Addnl Information Sttberrad (Refs 1 4) nitrated neutral coal tar fractions (bp 200—350°) and called the product obtained Nitrol . He claimed that it was a HE, suitable for use in expl mixts. Nitrol plasticized or dissolved such aromatic nitrocompds as TNT, TNB, etc, and was suitable for the manuf of plastic safety expls of great durability and power. A typical formulation contained Nitrol 10, a highly nitrated benzene hydrocarbon 20, collodion cotton 0.5, and AN 69.5p... 

Pale G reen S tars.—Nitrate of baryta, 16 imrts chlorate of pCtash, 8 parts sulphur, 6 parts ... 

Direct nitration of aniline and other arylamines fails because oxidation leads to the formation of dark colored tars As a solution to this problem it is standaid practice to first protect the ammo group by acylation with either acetyl chloride or acetic anhydride... 

Solvent Naphtha (160° benzol). A mixt of small percentages of benzene and toluene with xylene and higher homologs from coal tar. In crude form, a dark straw-colored liq, bp about 160° (80%), d 0.862—0.892g/cc, flash p about 78°F. When refined, a w-white liq, bp about 160° (90%), d 0.862-0.872g/cc, flash p about 78°F. May be obtained from coal tar by fractional distillation. When nitrated, used in Dynamites (Ref 5)... 

It contained Na nitrate 69, K nitrate 5, S 10, coal tar 15, and K dichromate 1%. It was less sensitive to impact than Blk Pdr, and its strength (as detd by the Trauzl test) was about 145% that of BlkPdr. It was less hygroscopic than BlkPdr, and could be ignited at 350°... 

Pyrodialites or Pyrodialytes. A series of expl mixts, patented in Fr by Turpin, beginning in 1881, and contg as principal combustible ingredients, tar (goudron), rosin, etc and as oxidizers, K chlorate alone or in mixt with K or Na nitrates. The following examples are taken from Daniel (Ref 2) Extra forte No 0 K chlorate 88, tar 10, charcoal 5, Na or Amm bicarbonate 2—3ps Lente No 2 K chlorate 40, Na nitrate 48, tar 20, charcoal 5, Na or Amm bicarbonate 4—5ps. These expls were too hot , and were not approved for use in gaseous coal mines... 

In 1888, Turpin prepd a series of cool expls which were permissable, by incorporating materials such as alkali chlorides, Na or K bicarbonate (up to 50% content), fluorides, acetates, oxalates, Ba carbonate. 10H2O, chromates, hyposulfites, stannic acid, boric acid, borates, etc, in the expls listed above eg, a) K chiorate 45, double salt of Ca and K acetochlorate 35, tar 18, charcoal 5, and alkali bicarbonate or oxalate I5ps b) K chlorate 15, double salt of K and Amm chlorobichromate 35 K or Na nitrate 10, tar 18, charcoal 5, and K or Na bicarbonate 15ps... 

Commission Franjaise des Substances Explosives- They contained Na nitrate 35—18, K nitrate 35—45, spent tanbark 15, Na sulfate 2—3, sulfur 6-9, charcoal 3, rosin 4—3, and tar 7% Refs 1) Anon, MP 6,74 (1893) 2) Daniel... 

We would rather leave the OMe group alone (guideline 6), the amino group will be added via nitration and reduction which gives us some flexibility of orientation (guideline 3), and the chlorine can be added by direct chlorination or by diazoniura displacement. The most obvious disconnection is to remove the chlorine. Unfortunately chlorination of the very electron-rich amine (16) oxidises it to black tars it would in any case give a mixture of isomers as all positions in the ring in (16) are activated. 

The [CF3-CO2H, NaN03] nitrating mixture gives rise to a dangerous reaction and the formation of tars with phenol. 

During the preparation of dinitroresorcinol, too low a concentration of nitric acid (82%) led to formation of tarry material, some of which remained in the nitrator discharge line. In the following batch, the tar decomposed in contact with higher strength acid, leading to an explosion. 

When the salt-acid nitration mixture was applied to phenol, a potentially hazardous rapid exothermic reaction occurred producing tar. 

Another important starting material is 3-amino-N-ethylcarbazol. Carbazol is obtained from hard coal tar and is usually ethylated with ethylbromide or with ethylchloride. Subsequent nitration and reduction affords the required compound. 

The reduction of aromatic nitro-compounds is of exceptionally great interest, not only scientifically, hut also technically. The conversion of the hydrocarbons of coal tar into useful products began with the discovery of the nitration process the conversion, on the technical scale, of the nitro-group of nitrobenzene into the amino-group gave aniline, the starting material for the preparation of innumerable dyes and pharmaceutical products to aniline were added the homologous toluidines, xylidines, naphthylamines, and so on. 

Burton HR, Dye NK, Bush LP (1992) Distribution of tobacco constituents in tobacco leaf tissue, 1, Tobacco-specific nitrosamines, nitrate, nitrite and alkaloids, J Agric Food Chem 40 1050-1055 Burton HR, Dye NK, Bush LP (1994) Relationship between tobacco-specific nitrosamines and nitrite from different air cured tobacco varieties, J Agric Food Chem 42 2007-2011 Calafat AM, Polzin GM, Saylor J, Richter P, Ashley DL, Watson CH (2004) Determination of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields in the mainstream smoke of selected international cigarettes, Tob Control 13 45-51... 

Synonyms AI3-00808 Annulene Benxole Benzin Benzine Benzol Benzol 90 Benzole Benzolene Bicarburet of hydrogen BRN 0969212 Bz Carbon oil Caswell No. 077 CCRIS 70 Coal naphtha Coal tar naphtha Cyclohexatriene EINECS 200-753-7 EPA pesticide chemical code 008801 Mineral naphtha Mineral naphthalene Motor benzol NC1-C55276 Nitration benzene NSC 67315 Phene Phenyl hydride Polystream Pyrobenzol Pyrobenzole RCRA waste number U019 UN 1114. 

Haloclastite or Haloklastit. Same as Petroklas-tite (Ger). One of the pre-WWI expls used in potash mines and stone quarries Na-nitrate 69, K-nitrate 5, sulfur 10, coal tar pitch 15, K dichromate 1%... 

Hellhoff Explosive. According to GerP12122 of 1880, it was prepared by the nitration of. purified- tar oil, followed by washing, drying and mixing of the nitrotar with oxygen carriers, such as K (or Na) nitrate (or chlorate), etc. It was claimed that this explosive mixture was very powerful Ref See under Hellhoffit... 

Other important expls obtd on nitration of products of distillation of coal tar were Di- and Tri nitrobenzene (Vol 2 of Encycl, pp B46ff and Nitronaphthalenes, which will be described under Naphthalene and Derivatives... 

Lewin Explosives. Patented in Fr in 1887, consisting of nitrated residues of cane sugar plants, either alone or mixed with NG, NC, Na nitrate, rye flour, paraffin, tar, etc. They were also known as Sandhoulites ... 

Black smoke Aluminum powder. Smokeless powder. Naphthalene Black powder. Potassium nitrate. Coal tar. Charcoal powder. Black smoke produced, Screening/signaling smoke ... 

Fluoranthene (Called 1,2-benzo-acenaphthy-len or 1,8-o-phenylen-naphthylen in Ger), C16H10(Thought to be ClaH10in early literature), mw 202.24, colorless ndls, sp gr 1.158 at 20°, nD 1.739 at 20°, bp 393°, 217°(30mm Hg), mp 109.5-110.5°, sol In benz, chlf, eth, HAc hot ale. A tetracyclic fused ring aromatic hydrocarbon, this material is found in some coal tars. It forms definite complexes with many poly nitrated aromatics (Refs 1 to 6) Refs 1) Beil 5, 685, (340, 344), [609] 2276 2) J. vonBraun E. Anton, Ber... 

Synonym Gamma-Chloropropylene Oxide 3-Chloro-1,2-Propylene Oxide Chlorosulfonic Acid Chlorothene Chiorotoluene, Alpha Alpha-Chlorotoluene Omega-Chlorotoluene Chlorotrifluoroethylene Chlorotrimethylsilane Chlorsulfonic Acid Clilorylen Clip Chromic Acid Chromic Anhydride Chromic Oxide Chromium (VI) Dioxychloride Chromium Oxychloride Chromium Trioxide Chromyl Chloride Cianurina Citric Acid Citric Acid, Diammonium Salt Clarified Oil Clorox Cc Ral Coal Tar Oil Cobalt Acetate Cobalt Acetate Tetrahydrate Cobalt (II) Acetate Cobalt Chloride Cobalt (II) Chloride Cobaltous Acetate Cobaltous Chloride Cobaltous Chloride Dihydrate Cobaltous Chloride Hexahydrate Cobaltous Nitrate Cobaltous Nitrate Hexahydrate Cobaltous Sulfate Heptahydrate Cobalt Nitrate Cobalt (II) Nitrate Cobalt Sulfate Compound Name Epichlorohydrin Epichlorohydrin Chlorosulfonic Acid Trichloroethane Benzyl Chloride Benzyl Chloride Benzyl Chloride Trifluorochloroethylene Trimethylchlorosilane Chlorosulfonic Acid Trichloroethylene Cumene Hydroperoxide Chromic Anhydride Chromic Anhydride Chromic Anhydride Chromyl Chloride Chromyl Chloride Chromic Anhydride Chromyl Chloride Mercuric Cyanide Citric Acid Ammonium Citrate Oil Clarified Sodium Hypochlorite Coumaphos Oil Coal Tar Cobalt Acetate Cobalt Acetate Cobalt Acetate Cobalt Chloride Cobalt Chloride Cobalt Acetate Cobalt Chloride Cobalt Chloride Cobalt Chloride Cobalt Nitrate Cobalt Nitrate Cobalt Sulfate Cobalt Nitrate Cobalt Nitrate Cobalt Sulfate... 

Following the cessation of hostilities of World War II, there was a short period of abundant supply of aromatics, particularly toluene, caused by the sudden decline in consumption of aromatics for nitration and for use in aviation gasoline. Soon, however, the peacetime uses for aromatics created a demand which could be satisfied only by the combined production of aromatics from petroleum and coal-tar sources. Consequently, many of the toluene plants were purchased from the Government by the petroleum refiners and utilized for manufacture of the many aromatic products available on the market today. 

According to Hino and Yokogava [59] an addition of surface active agents (0.5-1 %) to mixtures of ammonium nitrate with liquid coal-tar improves the trans-... 

Nitroglucose was used as an ingredient of some expls, such as Ammonia Nitrate Powder (AN 80, Nitroglucose 10, K chlorate 5 coal tar 5 %) (Ref 2, p 24) and in Keil (Explosif) (Mixt of Nitroglucose with K nitrate, K chlorate and vegetable fibers)... 

Gody (Ref 3, p576) listed as " expiosif Divine" (1895) a mixture of DNB, DNT Pb nitrate, w/o giving their percentages. He also listed (p265) under Divine Rack-a-rocks" several different compns, such as a) K chlorate 75-80 NB 25-20% b) K chlorate 78 and a mixture of tar oil with CC14 22% and c) K chlorate 80.5, NB 18.0 sulfur 1.5%... 

Py rodialites were expls based on K chlorate and coal tar, but the tar was previously purified to remove the acids. In order to take care of acidity which could develop in storage, some alkaline carbonate or bicarbonate was incorporated. Some charcoal and other ingredients could also be incorporated and part of chlorate (or even total) could be substituted by other oxidizers, such as nitrates, perchlorates, bichromates, or permanganates Following are some rypical examples of Pyrodialites ... 

Dubois-Raymond Explosives (Fr). Proposed in 1892, mixtures which contained combustible materials such.as naphthalene, anthracene, camphor, etc together with oxidants, such. as nitrates, chromates, etc. To these was added tar, varnish, lacquer or a drying oil. 

Emilife. An explosive patented by Audouin (EnglP 5899 of 1887), which was prepd by nitrating the fraction of coal tar boiling at 185—200°, after resinous compds had been removed... 

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