Tanning agent, formaldehyde

In the manufacture of 2-naphthalenol, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid must be converted to its sodium salt this can be done by adding sodium chloride to the acid, and by neutralizing with aqueous sodium hydroxide or neutralizing with the sodium sulfite by-product obtained in the caustic fusion of the sulfonate. The cmde sulfonation product, without isolation or purification of 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, is used to make 1,6-, 2,6-, and 2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acids and 1,3,6-naphthalenetrisulfonic acid by further sulfonation. By nitration, 5- and 8-nitro-2-naphthalenesulfonic acids, [89-69-1] and [117-41-9] respectively, are obtained, which are intermediates for Cleve s acid. All are dye intermediates. The cmde sulfonation product can be condensed with formaldehyde or alcohols or olefins to make valuable wetting, dispersing, and tanning agents. 

Naphthalenesulfonic Acid—Formaldehyde Condensates. The sodium salts of the condensation products of naphthalenesulfonic acid with formaldehyde constitute an important class of compounds which are mainly used in the area of concrete additives (32,33), agricultural formulations, mbber formulations, and synthetic tanning agents. They are also used in photographic materials (34). Hampshire Chemical Co. and Henkel of America, Inc., are the largest suppHers of naphthalene sulfonate in concrete additives (superplasticizer) and reportedly hold 75—80% of this market. It was estimated that naphthalene sulfonate demand from U.S. producers would reach approximately... 

In 1994 estimated naphthalene consumption in western Europe and Japan for the production of alkylnaphthalene sulfonates, naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensates, and synthetic tanning agents was... 

Naphthalenolsulfonic acid formaldehyde condensates are used in tanning agents. Other uses of 2-naphthalenol are in the manufacture of perfuming agents, eg, 2-naphthyl methyl e e [93-04-9] (Yara Yara), R = CH (30), and 2-naphthyl ethyl ether/Pi-/ -37 (nerolin, BromeUa) R = ... 

Polymerized formaldehyde (trioxane) is a ring compound of anhydrous formaldehyde with the formula (HCHO)j. See also Acetal Resins. Trioxane is a colorless crystalline solid with a pleasant odor, mp 62°C, bp II5°C. sp gr 1.17. This compound is used as a tanning agent and solvent and as a source of dry HCHO gas. Because trioxane ignites readily at I I3°C and bums with an odorless, hot flame, it has been furnished in tablet form as a replacement for solidified alcohol in portable heating applications. 

Aftertreatment The wetfastness of dyeings produced with acid dyes is often unsatisfactory. Formerly, tannic acid and tartar emetic were used, which form a 1 1 adduct on the material by hydrogen bonding. This process is expensive and said to be carcinogenic. Synthetic tanning agents (Synthanes) are preferred. They are condensation products of aromatic sulfonic acids with formaldehyde [106] or of phenols with formaldehyde, which are made water-soluble by reaction with bisulfite. These products deposit on the fiber surface and form an electrostatic barrier... 

Tanak MRX [Cytec]. TM for melamine-formaldehyde resin tanning agent used to make pure-white leather and for bleaching and filling chrome leather. 

Use Catalysts, resin reactions, formaldehyde substitute, cross-linking agents, and tanning agents. 

Straight melamine-formaldehyde resins are used primarily in the preparation of molding compounds, laminates, and textile finishes. Nearly 90% of these molding powders are used to make dinnerware. Melamine dinnerware can be made very decorative for popularity. This resin has better physical properties than phenolics and it can be very easily colored, which phenolics cannot. Methylolmelamine also is used as a synthetic tanning agent for white leather. 

Z oldine . [Angus] Oxazolidines cross-linking agent, analyst, resin reactant, formaldehyde substitute, corrosion inhibitor, tanning agent, raw material for polymer synthesis. 

Sulfoarylation. This procedure is analogous to sulfoalkylation, except that an aromatic sulfonate is employed. Phenolsulfonic acid yields tanning agents or ion-exchange resins by reaction with formaldehyde, and naph-thalene-2-sulfonic reacts with it, forming important dispersing agents. 

The senativity of polyvinyl alcohol films and molded or esctruded articles to the dissolving action of water decreases their usefulness for some applications. In order to render the pols vinyl alcohd less soluble or even insoluble in water, it can be treated with formaldehyde or tanning agents, ferric chloride, chromate and bichromates, and cuprammonium hydroxide. i For the same purpose, it can also be reacted with (hbasic acids, dialdehydes, and dimethylolurea. ... 

Phenol is a key industrial chemical however, the output of phenol from coal tar is exceeded by that of synthetic phenol. Phenol is used for the production of phenol-formaldehyde resins, while other important uses in the plastics field include the production of polyamides such as nylon, of epoxy resins, and polycarbonates based on bisphenol A and of oil-soluble resins from p-t-butyl and p-octyl phenols. Phenol is used in the manufacture of pentachlorophenol, which is used as a fungicide and in timber preservation. Aspirin and many other pharmaceuticals, certain detergents, and tanning agents are all derived from phenol, and another important use is in the manufacture of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), which is a selective weed killer. 

Synthetic tanning agents are sulfonated condensation products of formaldehyde and phenols. They have fungistatic properties and are therefore used in combination with vegetable tannins. 

Polymers. AH nitro alcohols are sources of formaldehyde for cross-linking in polymers of urea, melamine, phenols, resorcinol, etc (see Amino RESINS AND PLASTICS). Nitrodiols and 2-hydroxymethyl-2-nitro-l,3-propanediol can be used as polyols to form polyester or polyurethane products (see Polyesters Urethane polymers). 2-Methyl-2-nitro-l-propanol is used in tires to promote the adhesion of mbber to tire cord (qv). Nitro alcohols are used as hardening agents in photographic processes, and 2-hydroxymethyl-2-nitro-l,3-propanediol is a cross-linking agent for starch adhesives, polyamides, urea resins, or wool, and in tanning operations (17—25). Wrinkle-resistant fabric with reduced free formaldehyde content is obtained by treatment with... 

There are three main uses for naphthalene sulfonic acid derivatives (75—79) as naphthalenic tanning material alkyl naphthalene sulfonates for industrial appHcations as nondetergent wetting agents and as dye intermediates. Consumption of naphthalene sulfonates as surfactants accounts for a large portion of usage. Naphthalene sulfonate—formaldehyde condensates are also used as concrete additives to enhance flow properties. Demand for naphthalene sulfonates in surfactants and dispersent appHcations, particularly in concrete, was expected to increase into the twenty-first century. Consumption as of 1995 was 16 x 10 kg/yr. 

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