Sulfonated naphthalene-formaldehyde condensate

A fluid loss additive useful in cementing oil and gas wells is a blend [423,424,1015] of a copolymer of acrylamide/vinyl imidazole. The second component in the blend is a copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and the sodium salt of vinyl sulfonate. Details are given in Table 2-2. The copolymers are mixed together in the range of 20 80 to 80 20. Sodium or potassium salts or a sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde condensate can be used as a dispersant. 

N-vinylpyrrolidone, and the sodium salt of vinyl sulfonate dispersants are sodium or potassium salts or a sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde condensate ... 

Ruckstuhl, S. (2001) Environmental Exposure Assessment of Sulfonated Naphthalene Formaldehyde Condensates and Sulfonated Naphthalenes Applied as Concrete Superplasticizers, Doctor of Natural Sciences Dissertation to Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland. 

Sulfonated Naphthalene-Formaldehyde Condensate, Sodium Salt Dispersant for dyestuffs pigments. 

Sulfonated naphthalene-formaldehyde condensate, sodium salt PETRO DISPERSANT DeSoto... 

Synonyms Naphthalenesulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensate, sodium salt Naphthalenesulfonic acid, polymer with formaldehyde, sodium salt Sodium naphthalene-formaldehyde sulfonate Sodium naphthalene-formaldehyde sulfonate polymers Sodium polynaphthalenemethane sulfonate Sodium salt of sulfonated naphthalene-formaldehyde condensate... 

Sodium salt of sulfonated naphthalene-formaldehyde condensate. See... 

Sodium salicylic acid. See Sodium salicylate Sodium salt of crosslinked carboxymethyl ether cellulose. See Croscarmellose sodium Sodium salt of sulfonated naphthalene-formaldehyde condensate. See Sodium polynaphthalene sulfonate Sodium sarcosinate... 

While these attempts to optimize the strength and durability of cement were more or less unsystematic and empirical, the exact details of the chemistry of cement were first elucidated by Le ChateHer (1904). Later developments included the invention of reinforced concrete by Wilkinson and Lambot in 1855, and of blast furnace cement by Emil Langen in 1862. Thereafter, the twentieth century witnessed the invention and optimization of sulfate-resistant alumina cements (1908), the addition of plasticizers such as Hgnosulfonic acid or hydroxylated polysaccharides and superplasticizers such as sulfonated naphthalene-formaldehyde condensate, and the advent of macro-defect-free (MDF) and polymer fiber-reinforced cements, to name only a few. 

The third class of dispersing agents which is commonly used in SC formulations is that of polyelectrolytes. Of these, sulfonated naphthalene-formaldehyde condensates and lignosulfonates are the most commonly used is agrochemical formulations. These systems show a combined electrostatic and steric repulsion and the energy-distance curve is schematically illustrated in Fig. 3.40 (c). It shows a shallow minimum and maximum at intermediate distances (characteristic of electrostatic repulsion) as well as strong repulsion at relatively short distances (characteristic of steric repulsion). The stabilization mechanism of polyelectrolytes is sometimes referred to as electrosteric. These polyelectrolytes offer some versatility in SC formulations. Since the interaction... 

Linuron and monolinuron herbicides are prone to base-catalyzed decomposition in water. In order to stabilize the chemicals citric acid is added to bring the final pH to 5-6. Propylene glycol is added as a humectant, retarding evaporation of spray droplets on treated surfaces. The surfactants used are a combination of sulfonated naphthalene-formaldehyde condensate and sulfonated lignin with an ethoxylated nonylphenol. Suspension of the solid herbicides in water is achieved by thickening the mixture with a synergistic combination of polysaccharide xanthan and a montmorillonite thickener. 

Concrete may use plasticizers (e.g., sulphonated melamine and naphthalene formaldehyde condensates), air-entraining agents (aIkyI/aryl sulfonate surfactants), retarders (hydroxy carboxylic acids such as polyethylene glycol mono-p-nonylphenyl ether) and surface washes (benzalkonium chloride) (RAIA 1997). Little has been published on air emissions from concrete additives, their leaching into surface waters appearing to be of greater environmental concern (Ruckstuhl, 2001). 

Examples of commonly used dispersing agents containing multiple ionic groups and aromatic hydrophobic groups are p-naphthalene-sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensates and ligninsulfonates (Chapter 1, Section IA2). 

Chem. Descrip. Naphthalene sulfonic acid, formaldehyde condensate Ionic Nature Anionic CAS 9017-33-8... 

Naphthalenesulfonic Acid—Formaldehyde Condensates. The sodium salts of the condensation products of naphthalenesulfonic acid with formaldehyde constitute an important class of compounds which are mainly used in the area of concrete additives (32,33), agricultural formulations, mbber formulations, and synthetic tanning agents. They are also used in photographic materials (34). Hampshire Chemical Co. and Henkel of America, Inc., are the largest suppHers of naphthalene sulfonate in concrete additives (superplasticizer) and reportedly hold 75—80% of this market. It was estimated that naphthalene sulfonate demand from U.S. producers would reach approximately... 

In 1994 estimated naphthalene consumption in western Europe and Japan for the production of alkylnaphthalene sulfonates, naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensates, and synthetic tanning agents was... 

Includes naphthalene sulfonates and naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensates. 

There are three main uses for naphthalene sulfonic acid derivatives (75—79) as naphthalenic tanning material alkyl naphthalene sulfonates for industrial appHcations as nondetergent wetting agents and as dye intermediates. Consumption of naphthalene sulfonates as surfactants accounts for a large portion of usage. Naphthalene sulfonate—formaldehyde condensates are also used as concrete additives to enhance flow properties. Demand for naphthalene sulfonates in surfactants and dispersent appHcations, particularly in concrete, was expected to increase into the twenty-first century. Consumption as of 1995 was 16 x 10 kg/yr. 

Diphenylmethane Base Method. In this method, the central carbon atom is derived from formaldehyde, which condenses with two moles of an arylamine to give a substituted diphenylmethane derivative. The methane base is oxidized with lead dioxide or manganese dioxide to the benzhydrol derivative. The reactive hydrols condense fairly easily with arylamines, sulfonated arylamines, and sulfonated naphthalenes. The resulting leuco base is oxidized in the presence of acid (Fig. 4). 

Manufacturing procedures for producing dye dispersions are generally not disclosed. The principal dispersants in use include long-chain alkyl sulfates, alkaryl sulfonates, fatty amine—ethylene oxide condensates, fatty alcohol—ethylene oxide condensates, naphthalene—formaldehyde—sulfuric acid condensates, and the lignin sulfonic acids. 

For aqueous cement slurries a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and a salt of styrenesulfonic acid has been proposed [1585]. A naphthalene sulfonic acid salt condensed with formaldehyde serves as a dispersant. 

Carbon black may serve as a low-cost additive for controlling the gas migration in cement slurries [303]. It is intended as a suitable substitute for polymer latex and silica fume and has been tested in field applications [304,1256]. The concentration of carbon black varies from 2 to 20 parts, based on the weight of the dry cement [1220]. The particle size varies from 10 to 200 nm. A surfactant is necessary for dispersion, for example, formaldehyde-condensed naphthalene sulfonate or sulfonated cumarone or indene resins. 

The dispersion agents used are primarily lignin sulfonates (sulfite cellulose liquors) condensation products of naphthalene, sulfuric acid, and formaldehyde condensation products of m - and o-cresol, formaldehyde, and 2-hydroxynaphtha-lene-6-sulfonic acid [93-01-6] or mixtures of these products [46], Literature on dispersing agents is relatively scarce [47-49],... 

Water reduction Salts of sulfonated naphthalene and melamine formaldehyde condensates, lignosulfonates... 

Sodium salt of the formaldehyde condensation product of naphthalene sulfonic acid (22,25)... 

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