Tank sections A and

Upon consideration of these facts by the parties concerned (Steering Committee, IDO, ORNL, and Blaw-Knox), it was suggested that ORNL assume the responsibility for design and procurement of the reactor tank sections B, C, and D,.the internal components, and the top and bottom plugs. Tank sections A and E, being fixed permanently in the concre.te structure, were considered as part of that structure and consequently remained with Blaw-Knox for detailed engineering. 

The proper operation of the control rods depends upon the alignment of the tank sections, and it is essential that the top flange of tank section E be set accurately horizontal and that tank section A and all the beam holes in the concrete be aligned accurately to this flange. 

The initial condition is h(0) = hs, the steady state value. The inlet flow rate Qin is a function of time. The outlet is modeled as a nonlinear function of the liquid level. Both the tank cross-section A, and the coefficient 3 are constants. 

The flow rates of the effluent streams are assumed to be proportional to the liquid static pressure that causes the flow of the liquid. The cross-sectional areas of the two tanks are A, and A 2 (ft2) and the flow rates are volumetric. No vapor is produced either in the first or the second tank. An and A,2 are the heat exchange areas for the two steam coils. 

The storage assemblies were used to hold gasoline, and catastrophic cracking occurred after an undetermined time in use. The spouts were comprised of an injection molded polyethylene spout integrated with a blow molded tank body. A separate mating cap is screwed onto the spout, such that the cap does not bottom out on the tank surface. The spouts are specified to be injection molded from Alathon M 5370, a high density polyethylene resin from Equistar. In addition to the two failed tank sections, a spout, which had not been molded into a gasoline tank, was also evaluated for reference purposes. 

Figure 3.3 shows a simple type of classifier. In this device, a large tank is subdivided into several sections. A size range of solid particles suspended in vapor or liquid enters the tank. The larger, faster-settling particles settle to the bottom close to the entrance, and the slower-settling particles settle to the bottom close to the exit. The vertical baffles in the tank allow the collection of several fractions. 

This carbon dioxide-free solution is usually treated in an external, weU-agitated liming tank called a "prelimer." Then the ammonium chloride reacts with milk of lime and the resultant ammonia gas is vented back to the distiller. Hot calcium chloride solution, containing residual ammonia in the form of ammonium hydroxide, flows back to a lower section of the distiller. Low pressure steam sweeps practically all of the ammonia out of the limed solution. The final solution, known as "distiller waste," contains calcium chloride, unreacted sodium chloride, and excess lime. It is diluted by the condensed steam and the water in which the lime was conveyed to the reaction. Distiller waste also contains inert soHds brought in with the lime. In some plants, calcium chloride [10045-52-4], CaCl, is recovered from part of this solution. Close control of the distillation process is requited in order to thoroughly strip carbon dioxide, avoid waste of lime, and achieve nearly complete ammonia recovery. The hot (56°C) mixture of wet ammonia and carbon dioxide leaving the top of the distiller is cooled to remove water vapor before being sent back to the ammonia absorber. 

Tank installations with underground storage tanks and station piping should, if possible, be provided with conventional cathodic protection [3]. This is sometimes not possible because electrical separation cannot be achieved between the protected installation and other parts of the plant (see Section 11.4). The necessity for cathodic protection can be tested as in Ref. 13. In tank farms, a distinction should be made between coated, buried storage tanks and aboveground, flat-bottomed tanks in which the base contacts the soil. 

In Figure 2.17 the tank of water has a cross-sectional area +, and under steady conditions both the outflow and inflow is Va and the head is Ha-... 

Determine the capacity, cross-sectional area and diameter of a continuous sedimentation tank for liquid suspension clarification in the amount of = 20,000 kg/hr. The concentration of solids is x, = 50%, the settling velocity is Uo = 0.5 m/hr, and the density of liquid phase is 1,050 kg/mT... 

Tanks containing liquefied gases that are kept liquid by refrigeration sometimes have electric heaters beneath their bases to prevent freezing of the ground. When such a heater on a liquefied propylene tank failed, the tank became distorted and leaked—but fortunately, the leak did not ignite. Failure of the heater should activate an alarm. As stated in Section 5.2, frequent complete emptying of a tank can weaken the base/wall weld. 

In the vent pipes of storage tanks containing a flammable mixture of vapor and air (Section 5.4.1). Such flame traps should be inspected regularly and cleaned if necessary. Section 5.3 a described how a tank was sucked in because the flame arrestors on all three vents had not been cleaned for two years. 

The hazards of water hammer are described in Section 9,1,5 and the hazards of ice formation in Section 9,1,1, This section describes some accidents that have occurred as the result of the sudden vaporization of water, incidents known as boilovers, slopovers, foamovers, frothovers, or puking, Boilover is used if the tank is on fire and hot residues from the burning travel down to the water layer, Slopover is often used if water from fire hoses vaporizes as it enters a burning tank. Sections 9,1.1 and 12.4.5 describe incidents in which vessels burst because water that had... 

As with tanks (Section 5.4.1), explosions can also occur in grounded drums containing liquids of low conductivity if a static charge accumulates on the liquid and passes to a grounded conductor, such as a filling pipe. Reference 4 describes some incidents that have occurred. They are most likely when ... 

The safety valves of other cars operated, thereby releasing more LPG. At 7 33 a m., the twenty-seventh car ruptured with explosive force. Four fragments were hurled in different directions (Figure 2.21). The east end of the car dug a crater in the track structure, and was then hurled about 180 m (600 ft) eastward. The west end of the car was hurled in a southwesterly direction for a total distance of about 90 m (300 ft). This section struck and collapsed the roof of a gasoline service station. Two other sizable portions of the tank were hurled in a southwesterly direction and came to rest at points 180 m (600 ft) and 230 m (750 ft) from the tank. 

In this section, three examples of blast calculations of BLEVEs and pressure vessel bursts will be given. The first example is designed to illustrate the use of all three methods described in Section 6.3.2. The second is a continuation of sample problem 9.1.5, the BLEVE of a tank truck. A variation in the calculation method is presented instead of determination of the blast parameters at a given distance from the explosion, the distance is calculated at which a given overpressure is reached. The third example is a case study of a BLEVE in San Juan Ixhuatepec (Mexico City). 

Select vacuum relief valve by referring to manufacturer s tables at vacuum relief setting of 0.5 oz/in. and 1.0 oz/in. maximum allowable vacuum for tank. Note, no correction is required as is shown for section A above, since air is flowing in, and not benzene. 

Procedure. Pour the developing solvent into the chromatographic tank to a depth of about 0.5 cm and replace the lid. Take a prepared plate and carefully spot 5 pL of each indicator on the origin line (see Section 8.6, under Sample application) using a micropipette. Allow to dry, slide the plate into the tank and develop the chromatogram by the ascending solvent for about 1 h. Remove the plate, mark the solvent front and dry the plate in an oven at 60 °C for about 15 min. Evaluate the R value for each of the indicators using the equation... 

The condensate return system is a post-boiler section system that includes all steam traps, condensate lines, associated manifolds and valves, condensate receiving tanks, save-all tanks, condensate pumps, and other auxiliaries for condensate recovery. 

Finally, i should be noted that the calculation of the power requirement requires a knowledge of the impeller speed which is necessary to blend the contents of a tank in a given time, or of the impeller speed required to achieve a given mass transfer rate in a gas-liquid system. A full understanding of the mass transfer/mixing mechanism is not yet available, and therefore the selection of the optimum operating speed remains primarily a matter of experience. Before concluding this section, it is appropriate to indicate typical power consumptions in kW/m3 of liquid for various duties, and these are shown in Table 7.2. 

This section is concerned with the UA xtiT — Text) term in the energy balance for a stirred tank. The usual and simplest case is heat transfer from a jacket. Then A xt refers to the inside surface area of the tank that is jacketed on the outside and in contact with the fluid on the inside. The temperature difference, T - Text, is between the bulk fluid in the tank and the heat transfer medium in the jacket. The overall heat transfer coefficient includes the usual contributions from wall resistance and jacket-side coefficient, but the inside coefficient is normally limiting. A correlation applicable to turbine, paddle, and propeller agitators is... 

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