Fire Hoses

The chain direction within the crystal is along the short dimension of the crystal, indicating that the molecule folds back and forth, fire hose fashion, with successive layers of folded molecules accounting for the lateral growth of the platelets. 

Leaks can be detected at once by ammonia odor unless there is already an appreciable amount of ammonia in the ak. Leaks can be exactiy located by using either moist phenolphthalein paper or an open bottie of hydrochloric acid. If a serious ammonia leak is discovered, a large column of water apphed through a fire hose having a spray nozzle can be used to absorb the vaporized ammonia. 

Release of a pressurized, hquefied gas to the atmosphere will cause the gas to cool and condense water vapor in ambient air, forming a visible vapor cloud. Firefighters and operators who attempt to move such a cloud away from furnaces and the hke with fire hoses and water jet guns are at risk, because of the possibility of a UVCE near them. Plants and governmental agencies who recommend such practices need to reexamine their pohcies. 

In the third e.vample, the line terminates at 53%. This means DO NOT run this pump at less than 53% of the BEP. 53% of 4500 gpm is 2385 gpm. Because this is a firewater pump and because firemen need to throttle the nozzles on their fire hoses, then we need to install a pressure relief valve on this system with a discharge bypass line so that the pump dumps the restricted water (less than 2400 gpm) back into the suction tank or lake. If not, this firewater pump is likely to suffer bearing failure during an emergency. 

Withdrawn) 1985 Fire hose reels (water) for fixed installations. Withdrawn, superseded by BS EN 671-1 1995... 

He did not put on the fire gear and proceeded to open the vessel and hose it out with a fire hose. An explosion resulted when water f dislodged crusted-over sodium aluminum hydride trapped in a nozzle. The worker was burned, requiring a two-week hospital stay and several months of recuperation. 

The hazards of water hammer are described in Section 9,1,5 and the hazards of ice formation in Section 9,1,1, This section describes some accidents that have occurred as the result of the sudden vaporization of water, incidents known as boilovers, slopovers, foamovers, frothovers, or puking, Boilover is used if the tank is on fire and hot residues from the burning travel down to the water layer, Slopover is often used if water from fire hoses vaporizes as it enters a burning tank. Sections 9,1.1 and 12.4.5 describe incidents in which vessels burst because water that had... 

Feuer-saft, m. (7ron) slag bath, -schlauch, m. fire hose, schutzmittel, n. fireproofing agent, schwaden, m. fire-damp, -schwamm, m. tinder, punk. 

Insulation values based on conductance of 4 BTU/hr-ft -°F/in. and insulation must be capable of withstanding fire hose streams without dislodging, and must be non-combustible. fWaier spray is not considered reliable, so no reduction is allowed. 

To take credit for reduced heat input, the insulation shall resist dislodg-ment by a fire-hose stream, shall be noncombustible, and shall not decompose at temperatures up to 1000 F, If the insulation does not meet these criteria, the F factor for a bare vessel shall be used. 

Polyester fibers can be blended with natural fibers such as cotton and wool. The products have better qualities and are used for men s and women s wear, pillow cases, and bedspreads. Fiberfill, made from polyesters, is used in mattresses, pillows, and sleeping bags. High-tenacity polymers for tire cord reinforcement are equivalent in strength to nylon tire cords and are superior because they do not flat spot. V-belts and fire hoses made from industrial filaments are another market for polyesters. 

The usual protection for large installations is to provide a water-spray system. For small bulk storage, fire hoses or monitors are often adequate. However, for installations over 50 tons of storage (and all major cylinder-filling plants) it is accepted that a fixed water-spray system needs to be provided which is automatically initiated by a system capable of detecting a fire threatening the vessels... 

Water leaves the 25 mm diameter nozzle of a fire hose at a velocity of 25 m/s. What will be the reaction force at the nozzle which the fireman will need to counterbalance ... 

A 4 in. ID fire hose discharges water at a rate of 1500 gpm through a nozzle that has a 2 in. ID exit. The nozzle is conical and converges through a total included angle of 30°. What is the total force transmitted to the bolts in the flange where the nozzle is attached to the hose Assume the loss coefficient in the nozzle is 3.0 based on the velocity in the hose. 

A fireman is holding the nozzle of a fire hose that he is using to put out a fire. The hose is 3 in. in diameter, and the nozzle is 1 in. in diameter. The water flow rate is 200 gpm, and the loss coefficient for the nozzle is 0.25 (based on the exit velocity). How much force must the fireman use to restrain the nozzle Must he push or pull on the nozzle to apply the force What is the pressure at the end of the hose where the water enters the nozzle ... 

A nozzle with a 1 in. ID outlet is attached to a 3 in. ID fire hose. Water pressure inside the hose is lOOpsig, and the flow rate is 100gpm. Calculate the force (magnitude and direction) required to hold the nozzle at an angle of 45° relative to the axis of the hose. (Neglect friction in the nozzle.)... 

Normally refers to the inner tube of a pneumatic tyre assembly but may refer to any component of a rubber product which is in tubular form, e.g., the inner lining of a fire hose. See Tubing. Tubeless... 

Monitors are considered the primary manual water delivery device for hydrocarbon facilities, while hydrants and hose reels are considered secondary. Monitors are an initial manual fire suppression device that can be activated by operators with limited fire fighting training or experience. Use of hydrants and hoses usually require additional manpower and previous training. The use of a fire hose however, provides for more flexibility in the application of water sprays and where it may be needed when it is impractical to install a monitor. Monitors are usually placed at the process areas, while hydrants are placed at the perimeter roads, accessible to mobile apparatus. Most monitor pipe connections may also be fitted with fire hose connections. 

Hydrants should be considered as a backup water supply source to monitors and fixed fire suppression systems. Hydrants should be located on the ring main at intervals to suitably direct water on the fire hazard with a fire hose. Hydrants monitors and hose reels should be placed a minimum of 15 meters (50 ft.) from the hazard they protect for onshore facilities. Hydrants in process areas should be located so that any portion of a process unit can be reached from at least two opposite directions with the use of 76 meters (250 ft), hose lines if the approach is made from the upwind side of the fire. Offshore hydrants are located at the main accessways at the edge of the platform for each module. Normal access into a location should not be impeded by the placement of monitors or hydrants. This is especially important for heavy crane access during maintenance and turnaround activities. 

Hard rubber fire hoses are usually provided throughout the process area of a hydrocarbon facility. The coil of a hose on a hose reel presents a considerable friction loss factor to the flow of water through it. In some instances a fire water hose reel may not be completely unrolled from a reel before its use. Therefore it is prudent to conduct a hose reel flow test with a partial removal of the hose and full unreeling from it. The spray reaches of each scenario can then be fully evaluated and observed. 

Hoses and tubing, hydraulic hoses, fire hose liners, flexible tubing... Films and sheets. .. 

Minor Hose Falling debris washed down by fire hose after furnace had been down 24 hr exposed molten smelt which exploded with wash-up water... 

An aluminum scrap fire developed near a melting furnace. Fire departments responded and sprayed water on the flames. Suddenly the pot furnace exploded. It is presumed that water from the fire hoses entered the furnace which contained about 900 kg of molten aluminum... 

There is a possibility of damage to a char coating during a fire, if subjected to impingement by fire hose streams. 

A fire water main should be provided to the shore terminus area of the wharf. Hydrants and monitor nozzles should be located so that effective fire water streams can be remotely applied to any berth or loading/unloading manifold from two directions. Where the wharf is of such length that onshore monitors cannot adequately cover the berths, the fire water main should be run onto the wharf to permit the required monitor and fire hose coverage. Monitors located on marine wharves may be remotely operated from onshore and use of elevated monitors is common. The offshore segment of the main can be a dry system. In all cases, isolation valves and fire department connections should be provided at the wharf-to-shore connection (ISGOTT, 1996). 

NFPA 1962 Standard for the Care, Use, and Service Testing of Fire Hose... 

How would you increase the flow rate of water in a fire hose ... 

U.S. market is about 20 million pounds per year. The applications are those where one needs very high flame resistance (clothing for firefighters and welders, welder s protective shield, upholstery and drapes), heat resistance (ironing board covers, insulation film for electrical motors and transformers, aerospace and military), dimensional stability (fire hose, V- and conveyor belts), or strength and modulus (circuit boards, bulletproof vests, fiber optic and power lines, ship mooring ropes, automobile tire cord, puncture-resistant bicycle tires). 

UL 2085 also provides criteria for resistance against vehicle impact, ballistic impact, and fire hose impact. These tanks are also provided with integr secondary containment intended to prevent any leakage from the primary tank from entering the environment. 

SwRI 93-01, Testing Requirements for Protected Aboveground Flammable Liquid/Fuel Storage Tanks, includes tests to evaluate the performance of ASTs under fire, hose stream, ballistics, heavy vehicular impact, and different environments. This standard requires pool-fire resistance similar to that of UL 2085. 

Firefighters must routinely fight structure fires that require more water than is carried on the fire truck. Water must be obtained from a fire hydrant. This water is fed through fire hoses to the truck holding tank and then pumped through additional hoses to the fire as needed. Several mechanical devices are used in this process. 

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