Tank installations

Based on a sui vey in 1994 for storage tanks, the prices for field-erected tanks are for multiple-tank installations erected by the con-trac tor on foundations provided by the owner. Some cost information on tanks is given in various references cited in Sec. 25. Cost datavaiy considerably from one reference to another. 

Recently in some types of refuelling stations, corrosion-resistant materials have been used between the filter-water separator and the outlet pipeline and valves, usually stainless steel, rarely aluminum. If these are buried, they must have good insulating coating and be electrically separated from other tank installations by insulating couplings. 

If the protection current density for underground tank installations is not much... 

Only local cathodic protection can be used for large installations and old installations with electrical contact to components with low grounding resistances that cannot be isolated (see Section 12.6). The measures necessary for tank installations are described in Ref. 10. 

Tank installations below ground in the neighborhood of railway lines are often in aggressive soil that is contaminated with slag. Cathodic protection is therefore particularly important. Because of the particularities of railway operations, company standards must be followed in addition to the generally required direc-... 

In tracks to tank installations of danger categories AI, All and B, the rail joints must be connected by good conducting cross connections [12]. There must be a bond between the tracks and the filling nozzles of the tank installation. 

If the protection current becomes too high due to this connection in cathodi-cally protected tank installations, then insulating joints are usually installed in the pipeline from the filling nozzle. Care must be taken that the continuity bond is not broken. If there is a danger of stray currents with dc railways due to a permanent connection between track and filling equipment, the continuity bond should be applied only during the filling process. 

On stretches of electric line, according to Ref. 12, filling tracks without overhead conductors are usually isolated from the rest of the rail network with insulating joints in order to keep the rail currents flowing to the tank installation as... 

Tank installations with underground storage tanks and station piping should, if possible, be provided with conventional cathodic protection [3]. This is sometimes not possible because electrical separation cannot be achieved between the protected installation and other parts of the plant (see Section 11.4). The necessity for cathodic protection can be tested as in Ref. 13. In tank farms, a distinction should be made between coated, buried storage tanks and aboveground, flat-bottomed tanks in which the base contacts the soil. 

Still-gauging methods are adequate for only the largest leaks. The accuracy of most tank-installed liquid level gauges is usually /s in. at best. A product loss reflected by a 0.062-in. level drop for a 100-ft-diameter tank translates to a 306 gal/day leak. If this Vi6-in. drop in product level is not discernible from the masking effects of fluid expansion, losses in excess of 2650 barrels annually will go undetected. At, for example, 20 per barrel, this loss amounts to over 53,000 for a single tank. Most importantly, the associated liability risks of groundwater contamination could involve much greater potential costs. 

Tanks installed after the effective date (October 15,1983) of a new Massachusetts law regarding underground storage tanks must have secondary containment and a monitoring system or be constructed of a corrosion-resistant material and... 

Are pumps and day tanks installed for dosing the chemical inhibitors Are they interlinked with the conductivity/TDS control If not, is there a drip-feed system. 

A horizontal tank installed on the roof of a building used for a blending and packaging operation suddenly exploded, killing two employees. The tank stored a waxy-like material that had a melting point of 212° F (100° C). Each evening an operator recharged the tank for the next day s operation. 

Se. Option 5d + Secondary Seals on Fixed Roof Tanks Install secondary rim mounted seals on all floating roof tanks and then install a floating roof with a primary and secondary seal on all fixed roof tanks. 

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