Tank linings

Furfuryl alcohol is shipped in bulk or dmms. Although not corrosive to metals, it is a powerful solvent and penetrant containers, tanks, lines, and valves need to be in good condition to avoid potential leakage. Furfuryl alcohol can be stored in containers lined with baked phenoHc resin coatings however, it should not be put in containers that are coated with lacquers, varnishes, or epoxy resins because it is an excellent solvent for many such coatings. 

Lead—copper alloys are also used as tank linings, tubes for acid mist precipitators, steam heating pipes for sulfuric acid or chromate plating baths, and flashing and sheeting (see Tanks AND pressure vessels). 

Storage. Phenol is shipped in dmms, tank tmcks, and tank cars. It is loaded and shipped at elevated temperatures as a bulk Hquid. In storage, phenol may acquire a yeUow, pink, or brown discoloration which makes it unusable for some purposes. The discoloration is promoted by the action of water, light, air, and catalysts, eg, traces of iron or copper. When stored as a solid in the original dmm or in nickel, glass-lined, or tanks lined with baked phenolic resin, phenol remains colorless for a number of weeks. 

Storage tanks, lines, and pumps should be heat traced and insulated to enable product handling. Temperature control is required to prevent product degradation because of color alkan olamines have poor heat transfer properties. Exposure to air will also cause product discoloration. Storage tanks should be nitrogen-padded if low color product is required. 

Acid corrosion presents a problem in isopropyl alcohol factories. Steel (qv) is a satisfactory material of constmction for tanks, lines, and columns where concentrated (>65 wt%) acid and moderate (<60° C) temperatures are employed. For dilute acid and higher temperatures, however, stainless steel, tantalum, HasteUoy, and the like are required for corrosion resistance and to ensure product purity (65). 

Plating T anks. An electroless plating line consists of a series of lead-lined (for plastics etching) or plastic-lined tanks equipped with filters and heaters, separated by rinse tanks (24). Most metal tanks, except for passivated stainless steel used for electroless nickel, cannot be used to hold electroless plating baths because the metal initiates electroless plating onto itself. Tank linings must be stripped of metal deposits using acid at periodic intervals. 

Tank material A mild-steel (MS) tank with a wall thickness of 4-6 mm having a heating arrangement and a thermostat temperature control will be required. Since the phosphoric acid-based, rust solvent is corrosion resistant, no tank lining is necessary. The heaters and thermostat may be of stainless steel or lead-covered for better durability. 

The homopolymer finds a variety of uses, as an adhesive component, as a base for chewing gum, in caulking compounds, as a tackifier for greases, in tank linings, as a motor oil additive to provide suitable viscosity characteristics and to improve the environmental stress-cracking resistance of polyethylene. It has been incorporated in quantities of up to 30% in high-density polyethylene to improve the impact strength of heavy duty sacks. 

It was claimed that the maximum continuous operating temperature in most chemical environments was 120°C and even 140-150°C in some instances. The major chemical applications were in the form of pipe and tank linings and injection moulded valve and pump parts. Coatings could be applied to metals by means of fluidised bed, water suspension and organic dispersion techniques. 

Bearing retainers, tanks, tank linings, pipe, valves, process equipment... 

Epoxy phenolic coatings These materials are also cured at relatively high temperatures and are made by the reaction of the epoxy resin with the phenolic resin. They are slightly less critical in application requirements, are less sensitive to curing conditions and can be applied in thicker coats. The best use for both these materials is as tank linings used for the storage or food products, drinks, etc. or for process plant, evaporators, etc. that contain boiling water. 

Shrinkage on curing means that a high standard of visual cleanliness and an exceptionally coarse surface profile is required on blast-cleaned steel. Its main use is for tank linings. 

Thixotropic Resists flow or drainage when applied to vertical surfaces. Boats, pools, tank linings. 

SAXMAN, T. E. (1965) Materials Protection 4 (Oct.) 43. Natural rubber tank linings. 

One distinction between test types is that some use a loose abradant and others use a solid abradant. A loose abrasive powder can be used rather in the manner of a shotblasting machine as a logical way to simulate the action of sand or similar abradants impinging on the plastic in service. Conveyor belts or tank linings are examples of products subject to abrasion by loose materials. A loose abradant can also be used between two sliding surfaces to simulate a contaminant or wear debris. The majority of wear situations involve the plastic moving in contact with another solid material and solid abradants can consist of almost anything. 

It Is resistant to the action of petrol, lubricating oil and organic solvents. It Is used In making oil seals, tank lining, etc. 

Antimony alloys have many commercial applications. The metal makes its alloys hard and stiff and imparts resistance to corrosion. Such alloys are used in battery grids and parts, tank linings, pipes and pumps. The lead plates in the lead storage batteries constitute 94% lead and 6% antimony. Babbit metal, an alloy of antimony, tin, and copper is used to make antifriction machine bearings. Alloys made from very high purity grade antimony with indium, gallium and bismuth are used as infrared detectors, diodes, hall effect devices and thermoelectric coolers. 

Curing of Interior Tank Linings, NACE Technical Committee Report, Mat. Protection 87-89 (January 1964). 

Various organic dihalides are employed in a reaction with sodium polysulfide to produce organic polysulfides (Thiokols). Ethylene dichloride, from the direct chlorination of ethylene, dichloroethyl formal, and /3,0 -dichlorodiethyl ether are the principal dihalides that have been employed in the process (44). These elastomeric polymers have been commercially available for a number of years, and many applications have been developed for them. They have excellent oil resistance and one of their principal uses has been in hose and tank linings in which that property is required. 

Figure 20.10 Effect of wind speed on the air-water exchange velocity of C02 with and without contamination of the water with a mono-layer of oleyl alcohol measured in a wind-wave tank. Lines indicate linear approximation of experimental data. From Broecker et al. (1978).

Water from which the nitroglycerine has separated flows to a tank lined with lime-stone and after being neutralized it is discharged to a river or pool. Attempts have been made to recover the appreciable quantity of ions NOf, SO eand HSO still present in the water. In a patent taken out by the Dynamit A.G. in Hamburg [26] neutralization of the waste water with ammonia was suggested followed by evaporation. This yields about 8 kg of nitrates and sulphates mixed in the ratio of approx. 7 3 for every 100 kg of nitroglycerine. It was proposed to use the mixture as a chemical fertilizer. 

Cor a long time wooden containers were probably the most common type of storage vessel for bulk wine. Under proper conditions, they still may be very desirable wine cooperage for a number of reasons. However, wooden containers are relatively permeable and are subject to leakage and contamination unless very carefully made and maintained. For these reasons, with the development of stainless steel and other relatively inert and impervious tanks or tank linings, some wineries, at least in the United States, boast that they use no wooden containers for any of their wines. 

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