Wooden containers

Bonded Whiskey. Bonded whiskey is whiskey stored at least four years in wooden containers where the spirits have been in contact with the wood surface. It is unaltered from the original character by the addition or subtraction of any substance other than by filtration or chill proofing, is reduced in proof by the addition of water to 100° proof (50 vol %) and botded at 100° proof, and is produced at the same distillery in the same season (January through June or July through December). 

Lumber and wood products Sawmills, millwork plants, wooden containers, miscellaneous wood products, manufacturing Scrap wood, shavings, sawdust in some instances, metals, plastics, fibers, glues, sealers, paints, solvents... 

A detonator, in the form of explosive plates made with tetryl then a screen made of cellulose acetate plates is placed in a wooden container. A 26 mm diameter cylinder full of the substance to be analysed is placed on the screen, and finally a steel plate on top of the cylinder is added. If the substance transmits the detonation, the steel plate will be pierced and not projected. Piercing serves as an indicator of detonation transmission. The number of cellulose acetate disks needed between the sample and the detonator to prevent the detonation from being transmitted is found. Only one is needed for most chemical substances, but with m-dinitrobenzene, 240 are required. 

Various fires and explosions caused by use of wooden containers with chlorates, and precautions necessary during handling and storage, are discussed [1,2]. A wooden pallet burst into flames as it was dragged across ground contaminated with sodium chlorate [3],... 

Mix equal parts of explosive and thermate incendiary. A powdered explosive is easiest to use, and TNT may be safely crushed with a wooden implement in a wooden container. Plastic explosive or dynamite also may be used, although in this case the explosive should be placed under the thermate so that the thermate will be directed upward. The thermate can be obtained from the AN M-14 incendiary grenade or homemade as described in the section on improvised incendiaries. ... 

Julius Africanus mentioned shooting Powder , but its compn was not given 350 AD. Aeneus of Rome put sulfur, pitch, incense, pine-rosin, and tow (crude flax fibers) into an oval wooden container, ignited the mixture and threw it on the decks of enemy ships (Ref 66, p 12)... 

The explosive oil (usually dinitrodiglycol) was used in the form of an aqueous emulsion. It was drawn from a wooden container lined with lead and introduced through a feeder into a water injector in which the aqueous emulsion formed. This emulsion was introduced into the mixer, filled with an aqueous suspension of nitrocellulose (Fig. 268). 

Some Aspects of the Wooden Container as a Factor in Wine Maturation... 

Cor a long time wooden containers were probably the most common type of storage vessel for bulk wine. Under proper conditions, they still may be very desirable wine cooperage for a number of reasons. However, wooden containers are relatively permeable and are subject to leakage and contamination unless very carefully made and maintained. For these reasons, with the development of stainless steel and other relatively inert and impervious tanks or tank linings, some wineries, at least in the United States, boast that they use no wooden containers for any of their wines. 

Singleton, V. L. (1974). Some aspects of wooden container as a factor in wine maturation. In "Chemistry of Winemaking", A. D. Webb (Ed.), pp. 254-277. American Chemical society, Washington, DC. 

Vats, or balseiros, are wooden containers of larger capacity, between 10,000 and 100,000 L (Fig. 5.8). They are used to age full-bodies and fruity wines such as ruby, LBV, and vintage ports. The wines age more slowly than those conserved in wooden casks, retaining their structure and fresh fruity aromas that are the main characteristics of these wines (Guichard etal., 2003). 

Traditionally, maturation of red wines generally occurs in barrels or other wooden containers of various volumes. The wood provides special conditions for maturation that are favorable to the development of the wines character (Del Alamo Sanza et al., 2004 Perez-Coello and Diaz-Maroto, 2009). These usually include limited oxidation. Wood porosity together with filling and refilling operations ensure both a slow continuous and periodic incorporation of oxygen into the wine. The oxygen favors... 

Sometimes the vessels arc lined with a corrosion resisting material (lead, tiles, cement, tar, asphalt, rubber or synthetic resins). Lead is used to line both wooden and steel vessels enameled steel vessels are sometimes used in small plants if electrolysis is to proceed at a higher temperature. Acid proof tiles used for the lining of steel yessels are mounted on a cement basis. A coating of tar or asphalt can sometimes be used to line a wooden container instead of the more expensive lead. Steel electrolyzers are frequently used with a natural or synthetic rubber lining. 

It is interesting to note that the acetylation cannot be carried out in wooden containers in the plant. Especially when pitchpine is used, the final dyes almost always come out dull in color. The acetylation is done, therefore, in enameled vessels. The industrial process also uses somewhat less acetic anhydride. The final dyes are pressed out hydraulically and dried in vacuum drying ovens at 60°C. Hydrolysis of the dyes is minimized, not only by using the lower temperature, but also by drying as rapidly as possible. 

Slow and controlled oxidation occurs in wooden containers. The use of wood in the refinement of wines furnishes volatile and non-volatile compounds, including polysaccharides and polyphenols that, together with a slow oxygenation process, help to stabilize the wine colour. 

PROP Light yellow-amber liquid. Pleasant to fruity odor. D 0.923-0.935 15.56° 47-53% of ethanol, by volume, flash p 80.0°F (CC). Made by distillation of fermented malted grains, e.g., corn, rye, or barley. After distillation, whiskey is aged in wooden containers for up to several years. The aging extracts such components as acids and esters from the wood and promotes oxidation of components of raw whiskey and some reactions between organic components to form new flavors. 

Method 6 [6,7] Decalcification is carried out by a simple treatment with 1.4 N HCl at room temperature in a plastic or wooden container. After completion of the decalcification treatment, proteins are removed using papain, pepsin or trypsin. This method is simple and suitable for the mass production of chitin with little deacetylation... 

There may be certain situations and site conditions in which wooden containments and supports for chemically-resistant masonry will offer some advantages and economies over supports of other materials. 

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