Sensor installation

While adjusting the machine for its job the limits of the current for magnetizing the part have to be fixed as well as the magnetization time. During operation the machine will control for each part that the current-flow through the part and the time will be appropriate for a good magnetization. This is controlled by a hall sensor installed into the switch cabinet. 

Dynamic explosion detectors use a piezoresistive pressure sensor installed behind the large-area, gas-tight, welded membrane. To ensure optimum pressure transference from the membrane to the active sensor element, the space between the membrane and the sensor is filled with a special, highly elastic oil. The construc tion is such that the dynamic explosion detec tor can withstand overpressures of 10 bar without any damage or effect on its setup characteristic. The operational range is adjustable between 0 and 5 bar abs. Dynamic explo-... 

Figure 8-27. Typical radial bearing temperature sensor installation.

Figure B-29. Radial bearing with a temperature sensor installed. Courtesy of A-C Compressor Corporation)...

Figure Thrust bearing pad with a temperature sensor installed. (Courtesy of Turbocare, A Division of Demag Delavaf Tuibomat inery Corp., Houston facing...

Most combustible gas detector sensors are installed in the upper portions of buildings for the detection of natural gas. However, in many cases the vapor which flashes off oil in storage tanks can be heavier than air. Below grade areas should be considered for sensor installations where heavier-than-air vapors might collect. 

This type of isolation device (also called a chemical barrier) is similar to deflagration suppression systems used on process equipment. This barrier system consists of an optical sensor, installed in the pipeline or duct between two items of equipment, that detects an oncoming deflagration... 

The experiment is accomplished with a 2 litre B. Braun fermenter biostat (Germany) equipped with DO and pH meters. Temperature and level controllers are very sensitive, with highly accurate response from the sensors installed in the vessel. Figure 10.7 shows a perfect continuous fermentation set up used in photosynthetic production. A small modification of... 

The use of sensors for surveillance of industrial combustion processes is state of the art. Especially optical sensors detect the existence of a flame. With decreasing furnace performance the amount of installed sensors declines. In residential appliances there are nearly no sensors installed because the costs for both, sensors and actuators, have to be balanced with the technical profit. The efforts for setting up combustion controls are very ambitious but in many cases not successful. First a distinction has to be made between sealed boilers and those that are open towards the room in which they are installed. The resulting controls cannot be interchanged between these two groups of appliances. 

An optical flame sensor installed at the beginning of the pipeline is the most suitable device for such an isolation system, since the propagating flame from the explosion has to be detected and extinguished. Pressure detectors alone are, in principle, not suited to the case on hand because there is no distinct separation between the pressure and flame fronts for explosion in pipelines. Optical ir sensors that have a relatively low sensitivity to daylight are normally chosen and have proved themselves amply in industrial practice. Therefore, daylight into the pipe in the vicinity of the sensor must be avoided. It is necessary to flush the optical lens with gas (e.g., nitrogen, air) to keep it dust-free. 

Resch et al. [39] summarise and discuss the whole chain from data retrieval, processing, analysis and visualisation. The general design and structure of such a chain is depicted in Fig. 2, starting with generalised sensors. These sensors can be traditional fixed monitors, but can also be mobile sensors installed on cars, ships or at short-term locations, for example on lampposts. These mobile or moveable sensors can be equipped with a geo-positioning system (GPS) to be employed in geo-information systems (GIS) (e.g. [40]). These applications have been made possible by miniaturisation of the GPS as well as the transfer of data by mobile phone systems. 

Materials used must cleaned and disinfected with the usual cleaning and disinfecting agents. Friction in the transport system must not cause particles. Electric motors without ventilators must be used and the sensors installed must be resistant to the cleaning and disinfecting agents. In general, every process must be reproducible, documented and validated. 

In most chemical reactors, temperature is a critical variable that must be controlled. Cooling water circulates in the reactor jacket, removing the enthalpy of reaction. To control the reaction temperature, the cooling-water flow rate to the jacket is controlled. Set the desired tenqjerature on the tenqjerature-indicator-controller (TIC), which is measured by a temperature sensor installed in the reactor. The control valve automatically corrects any deviations from the desired temperature by adjusting the cooling-water flow rate into the jacket. 

Despite the availability of published designs for instrumenting rotary presses, much of the early work on compaction properties of materials was done on instrumented single punch eccentric presses primarily, due to the relative ease of sensor installation, as well as availability of punch displacement measurement. ... 

Process control box pressure sensor port (above), and with pressure sensor installed (below)... 

Phytoplankton blooms can be monitored also from space. The oceanographic ocean color sensors installed on satellites measure the visible and near-infrared spectral range to identify optically active water constituents, such as chlorophyll, yellow substance, and suspended matter, and to perform a required atmospheric correction. The polar orbit and the swath of most oceanographic sensors permit a daily coverage of the Baltic Sea with a spatial resolution of 1 km, or better. The synoptic character and the repeating rate allow studies of the spatial and temporal development of the phytoplankton nearly in real time. 

Wheel-Speed Sensor Installation, Cable Layout, and Connector... 

Fig. 7.9.11 Examples of sensor installation position and arrangement to the tone wheel...

The cam sensor and the crank sensor are installed opposite to the signal rotor provided on the cam axis and the crank axis. Fig. 7.10.1 shows the crank sensor installation position. The cam sensor detects information for cylinder identification from the cam axis, while the crank sensor mainly detects information on engine rpm and piston position from the crank axis. Nowadays, they are also used to detect misfiring caused by rpm variations. 

The light-sensing package features bare chip mounting for sensor installation on the instrument panel. Fig. 7.13.16 shows the assembly structure of the light sensor. The light sensor device is bonded to the middle terminal and then wire-bonded to the outer terminals. The top of the device is coated with gel to protect the A1 wire. Chip capacitors for EMC are bonded between terminals with conductive adhesive. 

Fig. 1. (A) Schematic arrangement of sensor in glass tube. Adapted from reference (21). (B) Cross-sectional view of flow cell with the sensor installed with 0-ring.

In this chapter we have attempted to provide an overview of the state of the art TDL-based sensors for temperature and species concentrations in industrial applications. To paint an accurate picture of current capabilities, we have discussed the limitations as well as the strengths of this class of sensors. As the work outlined here shows, TDL sensors offer an unprecedented capability for rapid in situ measurements with high accuracy. However, recent TDL temperature sensor installations in combustion environments have revealed difficulties... 

Many heat flux meters are available in the market and an appropriate type of instrument can be chosen for such measurement. The decision on sensor installation is very important because it should be easily replaceable when required. An approximation of the heat flux can be... 

Both impact and AE events generate ultrasonic waves hence, they benefit from commonality of sensors installation. However, the frequency bands in which the two events take place are different the impacts are more strongly felt as relatively low-frequency flexural waves (e.g., tens of kHz), whereas the AE events happen in a higher frequency band (e.g., 150—300 kHz). 

Monitoring points Monitoring sensor type Sensor installation... 

Brake clearance L (4 groups) Skin temperature of brakes (4 groups) High-frequency eddy current sensor Infrared temperature sensor Sensor installed on the brake block, surface parallel to the brake shoe back... 

Hydraulic pressure of hydraulic station export CP Hydraulic sensor Installation of the hydraulic pump inlet... 

Another example of the effect of the problem occurs with the bottom zone of a steel reheat furnace when fired longitudinally counterflow to the load movement, and with the control sensor installed 10 to 20 ft (3-6 m) from the (end-fired) burner wall. At low-firing rates, with the zone temperature set at 2400 F (1316 C), the burner wall may rise to more than 2500 F (1371 C). At that temperature, scale melts and drips to the floor of the bottom zone where it may later solidify as one big piece. At high firing rates, the peak temperature may move beyond the bottom zone T-sensor,... 

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