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System containing

The virial equation is appropriate for describing deviations from ideality in those systems where moderate attractive forces yield fugacity coefficients not far removed from unity. The systems shown in Figures 2, 3, and 4 are of this type. However, in systems containing carboxylic acids, there prevails an entirely different physical situation since two acid molecules tend to form a pair of stable hydrogen bonds, large negative... [Pg.31]

An adequate prediction of multicomponent vapor-liquid equilibria requires an accurate description of the phase equilibria for the binary systems. We have reduced a large body of binary data including a variety of systems containing, for example, alcohols, ethers, ketones, organic acids, water, and hydrocarbons with the UNIQUAC equation. Experience has shown it to do as well as any of the other common models. V7hen all types of mixtures are considered, including partially miscible systems, the... [Pg.48]

As discussed in Chapter 3, at moderate pressures, vapor-phase nonideality is usually small in comparison to liquid-phase nonideality. However, when associating carboxylic acids are present, vapor-phase nonideality may dominate. These acids dimerize appreciably in the vapor phase even at low pressures fugacity coefficients are well removed from unity. To illustrate. Figures 8 and 9 show observed and calculated vapor-liquid equilibria for two systems containing an associating component. [Pg.51]

Equations (4) and (5) are not limited to binary systems they are applicable to systems containing any number of components. ... [Pg.51]

To illustrate calculations for a binary system containing a supercritical, condensable component. Figure 12 shows isobaric equilibria for ethane-n-heptane. Using the virial equation for vapor-phase fugacity coefficients, and the UNIQUAC equation for liquid-phase activity coefficients, calculated results give an excellent representation of the data of Kay (1938). In this case,the total pressure is not large and therefore, the mixture is at all times remote from critical conditions. For this binary system, the particular method of calculation used here would not be successful at appreciably higher pressures. [Pg.59]

In the next three sections we discuss calculation of liquid-liquid equilibria (LLE) for ternary systems and then conclude the chapter with a discussion of LLE for systems containing more than three components. [Pg.63]

Figure 4-15. Effect of UNIQUAC equation modification on prediction of liquid-liquid equilibria for a type-I system containing... Figure 4-15. Effect of UNIQUAC equation modification on prediction of liquid-liquid equilibria for a type-I system containing...
For systems containing four components, most previous attempts for calculating LLE use geometrical correlations of ternary data (Branckner, 1940), interpolation of ternary data (Chang and Moulton, 1953), or empirical correlations of ternary data (Prince, 1954 Henty, 1964). These methods all have two... [Pg.71]

IF BINARY SYSTEM CONTAINS NO ORGANIC ACIDS. THE SECOND VIRTAL coefficients ARE USED IN A VOLUME EXPLICIT EQUATION OF STATE TO CALCULATE THE FUGACITY COEFFICIENTS. FOR ORGANIC ACIDS FUGACITY COEFFICIENTS ARE PREDICTED FROM THE CHEMICAL THEORY FOR NQN-IOEALITY WITH EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS OBTAINED from METASTABLE. BOUND. ANO CHEMICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SECOND VIRIAL COEFFICIENTS. [Pg.266]

In practice, the reference base is usually taken not as a-methylnaphthalene but as heptamethyinonane (HMN), a branched isomer of n-cetane. The HMN has a cetane number of 15. In a binary system containing Y% of n-cetane, the cetane number CN vyOl be, by definition (./ - V ... [Pg.218]

The complete advanced 3D inspection system contains three main components the Advanced Inspection Robot - AIR-1, the new generation P-scan ultrasonic data acquisition system - PS-4 and the 3D ultrasonic simulation system - UltraSIM. [Pg.870]

In addition to the controlling computer the system contains only a small control unit - PSP-4 (weight approx. 5 kg.) which among other system components includes a motor control system integrated closely with the PS-4 ultrasonic system. For communication between the PSP-4 control unit and the robot as well as robot power supply is used a single cable less than 10 mm. in diameter. [Pg.870]

It is customary in statistical mechanics to obtain the average properties of members of an ensemble, an essentially infinite set of systems subject to the same constraints. Of course each of the systems contains the... [Pg.374]

Macroscopic systems contain a large number, N, of microscopic constituents. Typically A is of the order of... [Pg.378]

Then F( ) = S(/ -t d )- 2( ), and the density of states D E) = dS/d/ . A system containing a large number of particles N, or an indefinite number of particles but with a macroscopic size volume V, normally has the number of states S, which approaches asymptotically to... [Pg.389]

The above approximation, however, is valid only for dilute solutions and with assemblies of molecules of similar structure. In the event that concentration is high where intemiolecular interactions are very strong, or the system contains a less defined morphology, a different data analysis approach must be taken. One such approach was derived by Debye et al [21]. They have shown tliat for a random two-phase system with sharp boundaries, the correlation fiinction may carry an exponential fomi. [Pg.1396]

As we have introduced the structure factor S(q) (B1.9.113), it is usefiil to separate this factor into two categories of interferences for a system containing A scattering particles [9] ... [Pg.1412]

The dipolar coupling between two nuclei 7,.S is systems containing pairs of... [Pg.1496]

The electronic wave functions of the different spin-paired systems are not necessarily linearly independent. Writing out the VB wave function shows that one of them may be expressed as a linear combination of the other two. Nevertheless, each of them is obviously a separate chemical entity, that can he clearly distinguished from the other two. [This is readily checked by considering a hypothetical system containing four isotopic H atoms (H, D, T, and U). The anchors will be HD - - TU, HT - - DU, and HU -I- DT],... [Pg.334]

In the case of 1,3-butadiene, RAMSES combines the two double bonds to form a single, delocalized r-electron system containing four electrons over all four atoms (Figure 2-50a). The same concept is applied to benzene. As shown in Figure 2-50b, the three double bonds of the Kekule representation form one electron system with six atoms and six electrons. [Pg.65]

Figure 2-52. a) Two semipolar resonance structures are needed in a correct VB representation of the nitro group, b) Representation of a nitro group by a structure having a pentavalent nitrogen atom, c) The RAMSES notation of a nitro group needs no charged resonance structures. One jr-system contains four electrons on three atoms. [Pg.66]

Reactions can be considered as composite systems containing reactant and product molecules, as well as reaction sites. The similarity of chemical structures is defined by generalized reaction types and by gross structural features. The similarity of reactions can be defined by physicochemical parameters of the atoms and bonds at the reaction site. These definitions provide criteria for searching reaction databases [23],... [Pg.311]

Temperature also determines step size. An acceptable time step for room temperature simulations is about 0..5-1 fs for All Atom system s or for sim Illation s that do not con strain hydrogen atoms. For United Atom systems or systems containing only heavy atoms, you can use steps of 1-2 fs. [Pg.89]

Local spin density functional theory (LSDFT) is an extension of regular DFT in the same way that restricted and unrestricted Hartree-Fock extensions were developed to deal with systems containing unpaired electrons. In this theory both the electron density and the spin density are fundamental quantities with the net spin density being the difference between the density of up-spin and down-spin electrons ... [Pg.149]

Within the periodic Hartree-Fock approach it is possible to incorporate many of the variants that we have discussed, such as LFHF or RHF. Density functional theory can also be used. I his makes it possible to compare the results obtained from these variants. Whilst density functional theory is more widely used for solid-state applications, there are certain types of problem that are currently more amenable to the Hartree-Fock method. Of particular ii. Icvance here are systems containing unpaired electrons, two recent examples being the clci tronic and magnetic properties of nickel oxide and alkaline earth oxides doped with alkali metal ions (Li in CaO) [Dovesi et al. 2000]. [Pg.165]


See other pages where System containing is mentioned: [Pg.16]    [Pg.42]    [Pg.74]    [Pg.79]    [Pg.302]    [Pg.420]    [Pg.545]    [Pg.143]    [Pg.9]    [Pg.176]    [Pg.221]    [Pg.1500]    [Pg.1547]    [Pg.2360]    [Pg.2376]    [Pg.2438]    [Pg.9]    [Pg.10]    [Pg.25]    [Pg.305]    [Pg.22]    [Pg.71]    [Pg.116]    [Pg.122]    [Pg.183]    [Pg.194]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.2 , Pg.5 , Pg.95 ]




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30 Containment systems Control rods reactivity

30 Containment systems Core heat capacity

30 Containment systems Core overheating

30 Containment systems Corium

30 Containment systems Cosmos

30 Containment systems Cost-benefit analysis

30 Containment systems Cracks

30 Containment systems Criteria

30 Containment systems Curie

30 Containment systems Damping

30 Containment systems Decay energy

30 Containment systems Decay power

30 Containment systems Depressurization

30 Containment systems Desalination plants

30 Containment systems Design basis accidents

30 Containment systems Deterministic method

30 Containment systems Documentation

30 Containment systems Dose

30 Containment systems Dose limits

30 Containment systems Ductility

Activity of Silicon- and Tin-containing Systems

Agostic Systems Containing Carbon-Hydrogen-Metal 3c-2e Bonds

Alkali metals biological systems containing

Aluminum containing systems

Antioxidative activity, sulfur-containing Maillard reaction model systems

Applications fluid containment systems

Asbestos containing material thermal system insulation

Bicyclic Systems Containing Cyclopropane Rings

Binary systems containing intermediate compounds

Binucleating systems based on 4-substituted 2,6-dicarbonylphenol derivatives and diamines containing additional donor atoms or groups

Block copolymers containing coupling system

Boron-Containing Systems

CHLORINE-CONTAINING SYSTEMS

Carbonic anhydrase zinc-containing model systems

Catalyst Systems Containing Alkali Metals

Catalyst Systems Containing Iron or Ruthenium

Catalyst Systems Containing Lanthanides

Catalyst Systems Containing Rhodium

Cell-containing systems

Closures container-closure system

Cobalt-containing systems

Commercially available containment systems

Complement system thioester-containing proteins

Contained microfiltration systems

Contained ultrafiltration systems

Container Molecules Host Systems and Complex Types

Container and packaging systems

Container cleaning systems

Container closure system

Container closure systems chemical composition

Container closure systems definitions

Container closure systems description

Container closure systems functionality

Container closure systems inhalation drug products

Container closure systems light protection

Container closure systems stability data

Container closure systems suitability information

Container closure systems testing

Container code system

Container puncturing systems

Container-closure system chemical additives

Container-closure system marketing

Container-closure system plastic components

Containing Delocalized Electronic Systems

Containing fused-ring systems, conformation

Containment Air Filtration System

Containment Hydrogen Control System

Containment Leak Rate Test System

Containment Recirculation Cooling System

Containment Systems Experiments

Containment Systems Test Facility (CSTF

Containment isolation system

Containment liquid-phase retention systems

Containment passive protection systems

Containment relief systems

Containment spray system

Containment system

Containment system

Containment system term defined

Containment vacuum systems

Containment ventilation system

Containment—Underground Systems

Covalently Linked Systems Containing Metal Complexes

Covalently Linked Systems Containing Porphyrin Units

Cyclodextrin-containing Systems

Cytochrome containing monooxygenase system

Dithiin-containing systems

Drug delivery systems containers

Ecological Systems Containing Hydroxy Acids

Emergency containment systems

Experimental determination of phase equilibria in systems containing a near-critical component

Fast reactor containment system

Flame molybdenum-containing systems

Fluid containment systems

Further Metal-containing Systems

Fused Systems containing Thiazole

Fused Systems containing Two Six-Membered Rings

GRADING, CONTAINMENT, AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

Genetically engineered containment systems

Halogen-containing polymer systems

Heme-containing systems, activation

Heteroatom-containing systems

Heteroatom-containing systems applications

Heterocyclic systems, pyridine-containing

Heterogeneous reaction systems metal-containing polymers

Hydrogenation of Nitrogen-containing Aromatic Ring Systems

Hydrogenation of Oxygen- and Sulfur-containing Aromatic Ring Systems

Immune system iron-containing enzymes

Instrumentation/control systems containment loss

Landfill containment system

Lanthanide-containing Systems

Liquid Equilibria in Ternary Systems Containing One Supercritical Component

Liquid metals containment system

Macrocycle-based metal containing porphyrin systems

Marine Well Containment System

Mechanical properties titanium-containing systems

Methanol-Containing Systems

Molybdenum-Containing Systems

Multi-metal/alloy containment system

Niobium-containing systems

Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic systems

Notes on the agreed system for compounds containing only one phosphorus atom

Other Oxygen- and Sulphur-containing Systems

Other Phosphorus-Containing Diketo-Ring Systems

Other Pyridine-fused Thiophen-containing Systems

Other Systems containing One Heteroatom

Other Systems containing Three Heteroatoms

Other systems containing unpaired electrons

PHASE DIAGRAMS FOR NONIONIC SURFACTANT-CONTAINING SYSTEMS

Packaging container closure system

Passive Containment Cooling System

Peroxidases and other Porphyrin-containing Systems

Phosphorus-containing Ring Systems

Polar Cycloadditions in Which the Electrophilic System Contains Two Atoms of an Aromatic Ring

Polymerization with Si-H Containing Initiator Initiating Systems

Polymers with Complex Structures Containing Thiophene Systems

Porphyrin-containing Systems

Pressure Systems and Transportable Gas Containers Regulations

Pressurized water reactors containment isolation system

Pressurized water reactors containment systems

Process containment systems

Protecting against loss of primary containment using high integrity systems

Pyrrolidine-containing ring systems

Quaternary systems containing

Reactions with Five-Membered Ring Systems Containing One Heteroatom

Reactions with Systems Containing Multiple Bonds

Ring Systems Containing Four-coordinate Chalcogen

Ring Systems Containing One Oxygen or Sulfur

Ring Systems Containing Three-coordinate Chalcogen

Ring Systems of more than Six Members Containing

Safety analysis containment systems

Safety system containing software

Semiconducting Polymer Systems Containing Self-Organized Supramolecular Polymers

Seven-membered systems containing three or more heteroatoms

Seven-membered systems containing two heteroatoms

Silica reinforcement systems containing

Silica reinforcement systems containing TESPT

Silicon containing systems, polymer-ceramic

Silicon-containing electron-beam resist systems

Silicon-containing systems

Silver-containing catalyst system

Single-unit containment system

Spill containment system

Starch-containing systems

Suicide containment systems

Sulfur-containing conjugated systems

Sulfur-containing heterocyclic systems

Sulfur-containing systems

Supported ionic liquid catalytic membrane systems containing enzymes

System containing alkalis

System processes, product container

Systems Containing Additional Elements

Systems Containing Conjugated Spacers

Systems Containing Four-membered Rings

Systems containing Aromatic Compounds

Systems containing Fe

Systems containing Four Heteroatoms

Systems containing Heteroatoms Other than Nitrogen

Systems containing Nitrogen

Systems containing Nitrogen and Other Heteroatoms

Systems containing Nitrogen and Sulphur, Selenium, or Tellurium

Systems containing Nitrogen as the only Heteroatom

Systems containing One Nitrogen Atom

Systems containing Other Heteroatoms

Systems containing Oxygen

Systems containing Oxygen as the only Heteroatom

Systems containing Sulphur

Systems containing Sulphur as the only Heteroatom

Systems containing Three Heteroatoms

Systems containing Three Identical Heteroatoms

Systems containing Two Different Heteroatoms

Systems containing Two Identical Heteroatoms

Systems containing Two Oxygen Atoms

Systems containing divalent cations

Systems containing equal metal ions, J kT

Systems containing halides and oxides

Systems containing hexavalent cations

Systems containing jumping electrons

Systems containing lyophilic material

Systems containing more than one component

Systems containing tetravalent cations

Systems containing trivalent cations

Tailor-made Porous Membranes via Templates Containing Systems

Tantalum-containing systems

Ternary systems containing

Thermodynamics of systems containing solid phases only

Titanium-containing hybrid systems

Tricyclic Systems Containing Two Cyclopropane Rings

Waste containment systems

Waste containment systems final cover system

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