Heterogeneous reaction systems metal-containing polymers

The counter-ions of some of the quaternary onium groups were exchanged with an anionic phosphine compound, which was then used to complex palladium. Thus, a polymer material containing phase transfer catalyst and transition-metal catalyst groups was obtained (Fig. 20). The Heck-type vinyla-tion reaction [137] was used to examine the catalytic activity of the heterogeneous system. The polymer-supported catalyst was found to compare favourably with the homogeneous system (Fig. 21). 

The use of polymer nanofibers in heterogeneous catalysis was analyzed for nanofibers loaded with monometallic or bimetallic nanoparticles (such as Rh, Pt, Pd, Rh/Pd, and Pd/Pt) has been reported in the literature. These catalyst systems can be applied in hydrogenation reactions, for example. To fabricate such fibrous catalyst systems, polymer nanofibers are typically electrospun from solutions containing metal salts (such as Pd(OAc)2) as precursors. In file next step, the salts incorporated in the... 

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