Containment ventilation system

Local exhaust ventilation systems LEV required at all dust- or vapor-generating operations and exhausted to the outside through HEPA filters. Full enclosure (containment) ventilation systems recommended... 

Double isolation valves m pipelines of pnmaiy circuit Isolation valves of containment ventilation system... 

Flatness Control 1 Containment isolation system 2 Containment hner P The isolation system automatically butUms up the containment ventilation system, wall penetrations of process pipmg and airlocks and hatches... 

A containment ventilation system that circulates the containment atmosphere to remove pockets of high hydrogen concentration after an accident. 

On a rise in pressure or a release of radioactivity to the containment, the containment isolation system would dose all penetrations open to the outside atmosphere, mainly the containment ventilation system. This is a subsystem of the containment safety system. 

As part of PHA the author checked the natural ventilation system for an auxiliary electrical generator building that contained gas engine generators. The procedure to perform this API recommended practice can be found in Section 19—Safety-Natural Ventilation. 

GASFLOW models geometrically complex containments, buildings, and ventilation systems with multiple compartments and internal structures. It calculates gas and aerosol behavior of low-speed buoyancy driven flows, diffusion-dominated flows, and turbulent flows dunng deflagrations. It models condensation in the bulk fluid regions heat transfer to wall and internal stmetures by convection, radiation, and condensation chemical kinetics of combustion of hydrogen or hydrocarbon.s fluid turbulence and the transport, deposition, and entrainment of discrete particles. 

The influence of airflows from ventilating systems must also be considered. Processes using mediums of different physical qualities when mixed will have separation into different layers. Transmission of energy between molecules in flowing mediums takes place in the direction of the velocity. This strengthens the separation into parallel layers. The level of fluid in containers and tanks is due to stratification of horizontal temperature layers, while airflow after batteries, heat-recovery systems, and humidifiers or dehumidifiers will separate into parallel layers. 

Push-pull ventilation systems for open surface tanks consist of two components the push flow is generated by a jet or series of jets that are blown across the surface of the tank towards an exhaust hood along one side of the tank, which pulls and removes the fluid from the jet containing the contaminant. This is shown schematically in Fig. 10.69. 

A visual evaluation of ventilation system performance can be performed by injecting smoke into the jet. No quantitative evaluation methods for these systems have been reported, but it should be possible to measure the containment of a hood with side walls (partial enclosure) using one of the containment indices (see Sections 10.2.1 and 10..5). Additional information may be obtained by measuring capture efficiency. 

Fumes are defined as solid airborne particulates that have been produced by a change of state. Many industrial operations produce fumes which affect both the indoor environment and the outdoor environment. For many operations, fumes are generated by a high-temperature process. The gas stream containing the fume is usually of high temperature and contains combustibles. The combustibles may form an explosive mixture, thus necessitating specialized design inputs for most fume control ventilation systems. The major elements of a fume control system are pictured in Fig. 13.28. 

Red zone The primary air containment zone in ventilating systems in the atomic energy industry. ... 

Air-handling unit A self-contained package incorporating all equipment needed to move and treat air, requiring only connection to ductwork and services to provide a complete ventilation system. 

Ventilation System Blast Protection. The explosive containment rooms have the highest potential contamination level in the process facility. The punching and shearing that are part of the remote controlled disassembly operation result in the release of... 

In the course of the survey, in addition to what you actually see, you should pay attention to the unexpected. A container, for example, properly processed, properly sited, and in all respects satisfactory, could unexpectedly rupture and spill its contents. Or, a toxic effluent extracted to a roof vent through an otherwise effective ventilation system (as we have seen with the tale of Mrs. Madison) could be pulled back into circulation through an improperly located air intake. One of the keys to the survey, in fact, is alert awareness. 

In emergency situations, where a mine ventilation system is compromised and underground fires are releasing dangerous quantities of CO into the mine atmosphere, chemical oxidation of the CO to less-harmful C02 is the usual practice. This is achieved using a self-rescuer apparatus, which is essentially a mask, into which the mine atmosphere is drawn by the respiration of the wearer. As mine atmosphere enters the self rescuer it passes over a CuMn204 catalyst (known as Hopcalite see Veprek el al. 1986), which expedites the oxidation of CO to C02. Normally, self-rescuers contain sufficient Hopcalite to allow for 60 to 90 minutes of use, which will generally be sufficient time to allow the wearer to escape from the mine, or at least to reach a secure fresh air base where the ventilation system continues to operate. 

Salbutamol is a selective (32 agonist that may be administered by inhalation from either a pressurised aerosol delivering 100 pg per puff (standard dose 1-2 puffs) or a powder inhaler (metered dose 500 pg). The duration of action is 4-6 hours. In patients unable to use a pressurised aerosol, salbutamol-containing solution may be nebulised in a stream of oxygen using a specially designed face mask. Similarly, salbutamol-containing solution can be nebulised and introduced into the inspiratory limb of a mechanical ventilation system. 

The ton container clean-out (TCC) system, neutralizers, and hydrolysate storage sections all produce small amounts of vent gas, totaling about 2.7 lbs/hr. In the cascade ventilation system, these gases are passed through two-stage carbon filters and are then exhausted to the atmosphere. A separate... 

Previous experience in the production of plutonium 238 revealed the need for the double alpha containment of the cells where the alpha-emitter isotopes with high specific activity are handled. Thus all the hot cells are equipped with a double ventilation system which provides ventilation of alpha-cells and ventilation between alpha-cells and biological shields. Alpha detectors continuously monitor the exhaust circuits. 

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