Syrup vehicles

The active substance solution from step 10 is transferred to the syrup vehicle. 

Paruta, A.N. and Sheth, B.B. Solubility of xanthines, antipyrine and several derivatives in syrup vehicles,J. Pharm. Sci., 55, 896-901,1966. 

When the problem is to disrupt Ughtly bonded clusters or agglomerates, a new aspect of fine grinding enters. This may be iUustrated by the breakdown of pigments to incorporate them in liquid vehicles in the making of paints, and the disruption of biological cells to release soluble produces. Purees, food pastes, pulps, and the like are processed by this type of mill. Dispersion is also associated with the formation of emulsions which are basically two-fluid systems. Syrups, sauces, milk, ointments, creams, lotions, and asphalt and water-paint emulsions are in this categoiy. 

Orally administered suspensions containing a wide class of active ingredients (e.g., antibiotics, antacids, radiopaque agents) are of major commercial importance. The solids content of an oral suspension may vary considerably. For example, antibiotic preparations may contain 125-500 mg solid drug per 5 mL or a teaspoonful dose, while a drop concentrate may provide the same amount of drug in only 1-2 mL. Antacid or radiopaque suspensions also contain relatively high amounts of suspended material for oral administration. The suspending vehicle can, for example, be a syrup, sorbitol solution, or gum-thickened water with added... 

Elixirs are clear oral solutions in which the vehicle is a hydroalcoholic mixture containing potent or nauseating drugs. Elixirs are pleasantly flavored and attractively colored. The presence of hydroalcoholic vehicle in an elixir makes it possible to include both water-soluble and alcohol-soluble substances in solution. In comparison to syrups, elixirs are less sweet and less viscous because of lower sugar content. From the manufacturing aspects and from the stability standpoint, elixirs are favored over syrups. 

Orai concentrate - Add desired dosage to 60 mL or more of diluent just prior to administration. Suggested vehicles are tomato or fruit juice, milk, simple syrup, orange syrup, carbonated beverages, coffee, tea, or water. Semisolid foods (eg, soups, puddings) may also be used. 

Oxidative degradation is as important as hydrolysis in the stability evaluation of new drug substances. The oxygen concentration in solution is a factor in many cases and often depends upon the solvent employed. It was reported that ascorbic acid is more stable in 90% propylene glycol or in Syrup USP than in water, presumably because of the lower oxygen concentration in these vehicles (Ravin and Radebaugh, 1990). 

The stability of aspartame in food products has been studied [34], with the main degradation product being the substituted 2,5-diketopiperazine. Stability in syrup medication vehicles has also been examined [35]. 

Medicinal Uses of Alcohol Alcohol is seldom prescribed for medicinal use. The medicinal use of alcohol is essentially restricted to external use and a as vehicle for liquid preparations such as syrups and tinctures. It is frequently used as an antiseptic, as a rubefacient for sprains and joint pain, to reduce the body temperature as an alcohol sponge, and as an injection to relieve neurologic pain. 

Syrup An oral solution containing high concentrations of sucrose or other sugars the term has also been used to include any other liquid dosage form prepared in a sweet and viscid vehicle, including oral suspensions. 

Quiddonies Preparations with a vehicle of thick, quince-flavored syrup (also see Syrups)P ... 

In liquid preparations sorbitol is used as a vehicle in sugar-free formulations and as a stabilizer for drug, vitamin, and antacid suspensions. It has also been shown to be a suitable carrier to enhance the in vitro dissolution rate of indometa-cin. In syrups it is effective in preventing crystallization around the cap of bottles. Sorbitol is additionally used in injectable and topical preparations and therapeutically as an osmotic laxative. 

Sucrose syrups are also widely used as vehicles in oral liquid-dosage forms to enhance palatability or to increase viscosity. ... 

In other words the duty we have to pay if we include a spirit in a medicine on an NffS prescription will be returned to us via the reimbursement we receive as stated in the Drug Tariff. The use of alcohol in mixtures prepared extemporaneously has declined with the advent of products that can now more effectively control pain. Brompton cocktail, for example, was used to treat pain in terminal cancer patients. It consisted of morphine and cocaine and was made up in a vehicle that consisted of alcohol, syrup and chloroform water. It was common practice to ask the patient which spirit they preferred, for example, whiskey, brandy, gin or rum. 

Aromatic Elixir. Take 4 drachms orange peel, 2 drachms coriander seed. 2 drachms angelica seed, and 1 drachm cochineal. Pulverize and percolate with 12 ounces deoilorized alcohol and 10 ounces water. Add 5 ounces glycerine and G ounces syrup, to make 2 pints. This is a pleasant vehicle for administering nauseous remedies Ketcark P, A.)... 

Syrups do not contain active ingredients. They are not administered as such but serve as a vehicle because of their flavouring and sweetening properties. Since the density of syrups is high, the volume in mL will not equal the weight in grams. Symp BP contains 667 g sucrose and purified water to produce 1,000 g. The density is 1.315-1.333 g/mL, yielding a sucrose concentration of about 64.6 %. 

Pharmaceutical suspensions are dispersions of solid particles of an insoluble or sparingly soluble drug in a liquid vehicle, usually water [33, 34]. Several examples of pharmaceutical suspensions are used Oral Suspensions, antibiotic preparations, antiacid and clay suspensions, radioopaque suspensions, barium sulphate suspensions. The vehicle is syrup, sorbitol solution or gum thickener with added artificial sweetener. Topical suspensions (externally applied shake lotion ) such as calamine lotion USP are also formulated as suspensions. Several dermatological preparations are also used in pharmacy. 

Spans and Tweens have been used to overcome similar problems in the formulation of medicines for internal use. The solubilization of resinous components of tinctures such as benzoin and myrrh in aqueous vehicles and the incorporation of water-soluble ingredients into oily vehicles has been discussed by Stoklosa and Ohmart [230]. Gerding and Sperandio [229] give examples of mixtures of tinctures and fluid extracts which, on addition of polysorbate 20, will not precipitate on dilution. Cetomacrogol 1000 added in small amounts to opiate linctus of squill, syrup of ginger, compound mixtures of camphor, and of lobelia and stramonium has a similar clearing action [207]. 

In capsule formulations, as mentioned by Rowe (2009) and Saniocki et al. (2013), it is used as a plasticizer formulation of gelatin and film. In liquid preparations, sorbitol is used for the stabilization of drugs, vitamins, and antacid suspensions. It is also used as a vehicle in sugar-free formulations. In syrups, it is effective in preventing crystallization around the caps of bottles. 

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