Dermatological preparations

Muller, R. H., Radtke, M. and Wissing, S. A., Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) in cosmetic and dermatological preparations. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 54 (Snppl. 1), S131-55, 2002. 

Urea in a compatible cream vehicle or ointment base has a softening and moisturizing effect on the stratum corneum. It has the ability to make creams and lotions feel less greasy, and this has been utilized in dermatologic preparations to decrease the oily feel of a preparation that otherwise might feel unpleasant. It is a white crystalline powder with a slight ammonia odor when moist. 

Dermatologic preparations Americaine Bactine Dermoplast Lanacane Solarcaine... 

Urea is a normal physiological metabolite and is generally regarded as nontoxic. No report on sensitization has been found, despite its wide use in dermatological preparations. In 1943, Rattner patch tested 500 hospital patients, 66 of whom had skin disease, with a 3% urea cream and found no adverse reaction.4 Clinical and patient assessments of the use of creams with 10% urea or lower give no evidence of skin irritation with inflammation and barrier damage,38 although occlusive exposure... 

Gloor et al.82 discovered an additional antimicrobial activity of a distillate of Hamamelis (Aqua Hamamelidis) and urea formulated as a topical dermatological preparation that contains both active ingredients. Although mainly used for their antiinflammatory, hydrating, and barrier-stabilizing effects in dermatitis maintenance therapy, the antimicrobial activity of such products is considered a welcome, an added benefit. 

Dermatological preparations containing pilosine, isopilosine, and their salts have been described in a patent (116). 

The most common form of neomycin administration is topical. The dmg is available in combination with other antibiotics and steroids in numerous ophthalmic, otic, and dermatologic preparations designed to treat a rariety of skin and mucous membrane infections (seeTables 11-6 and 11-7). Topical ocular application of neomycin can result in... 

Topical dermatologic preparations of gentamicin are commonly used for the treatment of infected burns. Topical ophthalmic gentamicin (see Table 11-5) is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections of the external eye and adnexa (e.g., conjunctivitis, blepharitis, and keratoconjunctivitis). 

Brisaert MG, Everaerts I, Plaizier-Vercammen JA. Chemical stability of tretinoin in dermatological preparations. Pharm Acta Helv 1995 70(2) 161-166. 

Titanium dioxide is also used in dermatological preparations and cosmetics, such as sunscreens. 

Ophthalmological and dermatological preparations Since bioavailability studies are in many cases not feasible, the Directives stipulate the specific requirements for registration of these preparations. 

Molecular model of trichloroacetic acid, CI3CCOOH. The rather strong acidity of trichloroacetic acid is usually ascribed to the inductive effect of the three chlorine atoms attached to the end of the molecule opposite the acidic proton. Electron density is withdrawn away from the carboxylate group so that the trichloroacetate anion that is formed when the acid dissociates is stabilized. The acid is used in protein precipitation and in dermatological preparations for the removal of undesirable skin growths. 

Cold remedies Cough medicines Cyclopropane for anesthetic use (U.S.P. par N.F.), packaged Dermatological preparations Dextrose and sodium chloride injection, mixed Dextrose injection Digitalis pharmaceutical preparations... 

Mupirocin is available as a 2% cream and a 2% ointment for dermatologic use, and as a 2% ointment for intranasal use. The dermatologic preparations are indicated in treatment of traumatic skin lesions and impetigo secondarily infected with S. aureus or S. pyogenes. 

Skin sensitization and skin photosensitization for dermatological preparations. 

Nielsen J, Raschke T, Riedel H (2005) Cosmetic and dermatological preparations in the form of o/co-emulsions containing sterols and/or C12-C40 fatty acids. US Patent 0037036 Al... 

Precipitated sulfur, used in many dermatologic preparations for topical treatment, is regarded as a non-sensitizing ingredient. Exceptions from this rule are reported (Wilkinson 1975 Schneider 1978). 

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