Preparations antibiotics

The tetracyclines are valuable orally active broad-spectrum antibiotics prepared by isolation from the fermentation liquors of various strains of Streptomyces or by chemical transformation of fermentation-derived substances. The basic ring system and numbering pattern is as follows ... 

Orally administered suspensions containing a wide class of active ingredients (e.g., antibiotics, antacids, radiopaque agents) are of major commercial importance. The solids content of an oral suspension may vary considerably. For example, antibiotic preparations may contain 125-500 mg solid drug per 5 mL or a teaspoonful dose, while a drop concentrate may provide the same amount of drug in only 1-2 mL. Antacid or radiopaque suspensions also contain relatively high amounts of suspended material for oral administration. The suspending vehicle can, for example, be a syrup, sorbitol solution, or gum-thickened water with added... 

A. Kumar, M. Weatherly, and D. Beaman, Sweeteners, flavorings and dyes in antibiotic preparations, Pediatrics, 87, 352 (1991). 

Ammonium thiocyanate is used as an ingredient in antibiotic preparations, pesticides, liquid rocket fuels, adhesives, and matches. It is also used in photographic processes, to improve the strength of silks, and as a weed killer. 

Kumar A, Weatherly MR, Beaman DC, et al. Sweeteners, flavorings, and dyes in antibiotic preparations. Pediatrics 1991 87 352-360. 

Godin, B., et al. 2005. A new approach for treatment of deep skin infections by an ethosomal antibiotic preparation An in vivo study. J Antimicrob Chemother 55 989. 

Pharmaceuticals, used in salves and dressings, antibiotic preparations, capsules, and suppositories used as a vasodialator for angina pectoris (nitroglycerine). 

A powder insufflator can be used for the instillation of antimicrobial agents into the external ear canal or mastoid cavity. Current antibiotic preparations suitable for the insufflator device are shown in Table 5. They are packaged into capsules that fit into the insufflator. The patient can easily blow the powder into the ear canal without spreading it around. The activity of these anti biotics against organisms responsible for chronic otitis has already been stated. Other common antibiotics or antiseptics may be applied in powder form in an otolaryngologist s office boric acid is the most common example (Fig. 2). 

The solids content of an oral suspension may vary considerably. For example, antibiotic preparations may... 

Solutions made up in the clinic should be considered unstable and, although some may retain potency for relatively long periods, as a rule should not be stored for more than 3-4 days. Concentrated antibiotic preparations are likely to retard comeal re-epithelialization and their use should be curtailed once the infection is under control. Commercial strength ophthalmic drops can then be introduced. In general, the frequency of topical antibiotic administration should be reduced once the infection is under control, based upon the clinical appearance of the comeal lesion. 

Another antiviral species from the Anthemideae tribe is Bidens pilosa L. var. minor (Blume) Sherff which significantly inhibited the replication of HSV-1 at a concentration of 100 jig/ml [58]. The ethanol extract of Bidens pilosa L. also showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity [59]. From another Bidens species, Bidens cernua L., a new complex antibiotic preparation known as cerbiden was obtained [60]. 

Rasmussen, F. Hogh, P. (1971) Irritating effect and concentration at the injection site after intramuscular injection of antibiotic preparations in cows and pigs. Nordisk Veterinaer-Medicin, 23, 593-605. 

Many reducing substances other than sugars may be found in urine (Box 25-6). Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) may be ingested in large quantities or may be present in antibiotic preparations administered intravenously. In either case, excess concentrations usually appear in the urine and contribute significantly to the total reducing substances present. 

Cephalothin is a semisynthetic P-lactam antibiotic prepared by the reaction of thio-phene-2-acetyl chloride with 7-aminocephalos-poranic acid (7-ACA). The cephalosporanic nucleus is obtained from cephalosporin C which is produced by a fungus identified as Cephalosporium acremonium No. +9137 (Imperial Mycologi-cal Institute, England), or strains thereof. 

Despite the importance of appropriately timed prophylactic antibiotic therapy, few patients receive antibiotics at the optimal time in relation to surgery. Potential barriers include antibiotics ordered after the patient has arrived in the operating room, delayed antibiotic preparation or delivery, and the use of antibiotics that require long infusion times. One study assessed the timing of prophylactic antibiotics in 100 patients and found that only 26% of patients received an antibiotic dose within 2 hours of the initial surgical incision. ... 

SOO tons of validamycin A antibiotic preparations were used in rice cultures. 

In addition, note that antibiotic preparations themselves are often contaminated with DNA encoding antibiotic-resistant genes. Fluorescence spectroscopy and PCR amplification have shown that a number of antibiotic preparations are contaminated with significant amounts of DNA from the antibiotic-producing bacterium (for example, the gene ermSF of Streptomyces fradiae, which is responsible for resistance to MLS antibiotics) [115]. 

Webb, V., and Davis, J. (1993). Antibiotic preparations contain DNA A source of drug resistance genes Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37, 2379-2384. 

Derivatives of aminoglycoside antibiotics prepared by partial syntheses other than those mentioned in the preceding Section will be reviewed in this Section. 

Penem antibiotics (Preparation of intermediate - carbamoyloxy-acetic acid (or its esters)... 

Tetramethylthiuram disulfide, a well-known sensitizer among rubber accelerators, is also a disinfectant in some soaps, wound sprays (e. g., Nobecutan), suntan preparations, and antibiotic preparations. 

Tetracyclines Antibiotic preparations Cation exchange UV absorbance... 

---