Synthetic rubber adhesive

The list of everyday products made from organic compounds is very long. It includes drugs, artificial fibers, dyes, artificial colors and flavors, food additives, cosmetics, plastics of all kinds, detergents, synthetic rubber, adhesives, antifreeze, pesticides and herbicides, synthetic fuels, and refrigerants. 

Coporex. IToho Chem. Industry] Petroleum resins binder, tackifier, base material for tndfic paints, synthetic rubbers, adhesives. 

The elastomeric group of adhesives is based on natural rubber latex and its derivatives or totally synthetic rubber known as SBR (styrene butadiene rubber). There is now a wide range of synthetic rubber adhesives based upon SBR including nitrile and butyl rubber. Another elastomeric adhesive is the versatile polyurethane rubber group. 

Advantages Most stable synthetic rubber adhesive, excellent oil resistance, easily modified by addition of thermosetting resins Good heat aging and water resistance uniform appearance, non-staining light color, disperses easily in hydrocarbon solvents low cost Excellent adhesion at cryogenic temperatures and excellent retention of elasticity and shock resistance at these temperatures... 

Isoprene is a commodity chemical used in the production of synthetic rubber, adhesives, and specialty elastomers. Manufacturing of isoprene is currently based on petrochemical sources, but significant progress has been made to develop an alternative fermentation-based isoprene source (Whited et al., 2010). 

Hydrogenation Emulsifiers in the production of synthetic rubber, adhesive tackifiers... 

Petrochemical industries convert surplus liquefiable gases into solvents, plastics, synthetic rubber, adhesives, coatings, paints, inks, intermediates for... 

Ex. 6 Multranil 176 polyurethane elastomer is dissolved at 20% by weight in a mixture of dry ethyl acetate and acetone, and 8.3 phr of Mondur TM (XII) (for natural and synthetic rubber adhesion) or 5 phr of Mondur CB-75 (XXIX) (for non rubber adhesion) is added. These combinations are versatile adhesives for bonding vulcanized rubber (natural and synthetic) to itself, leather, urethane, PVC, cork, wood, etc. Cure occurs at room temperature, and faster at elevated temperatures. At room temperature bond strengths (peel) are (imme-diate/after 3 days) rubber-to-rubber, 5.5—9.0/ 25 rubber-to-shoe sole leather, 5.5—7.3/24 shoe sole leather-to-shoe sole leather, 7.3—9.0/ 24 rubber-to-shoe sole leather, 9.5/24 Ib/in. width. 

Synthetic resins are extensively used, e.g., in surface finishes, in the fabrication and repair of boat and motor vehicle bodies, in the manufacture of laminated boards, for electrical components, in pattern making and in paints and varnishes. Non-rubber adhesives made from fish glues and from cotton derivatives (e.g. cellulose acetate) tend not to be sensitizing but, depending upon composition and the manner of use, many other types may pose significant dermatitic and fume hazards. 

Rubber base adhesives, also called elastomeric adhesives, are widely used in industrial and household applications. In fact, about one-third of the adhesives used in the World are made from natural or synthetic rubbers. Some of the elastomeric adhesive systems showing industrial importance in recent years are the following ... 

Natural rubber adhesives were traditionally used as contact adhesives. However, synthetic polymers are more generally used today. Polychloroprene adhesives are the most common contact adhesives based on synthetic rubber, although recently some have been displaced by polyurethane and acrylic polymers [2]. 

Contact adhesives. Natural and synthetic rubber-based contact adhesives are used for bonding various interior decorative materials such as fabrics and decorative laminates to underlying surfaces. 

Solutions of different carboxylic acids (fiimaric acid [FA], maleic acid, acrylic acid, succinic acid, and malonic acid) in ethanol have been effectively used as primers to increase the adhesion of synthetic vulcanized SBRs. The increase in the adhesion properties of SBR treated with carboxylic acid is attributed to the elimination of zinc stearate moieties and the deposition of acid on the rubber which migrates into the solvent-borne polyurethane adhesive layer once the adhesive joint is formed. The nature of the carboxylic acid determines the rate of diffusion into the adhesive and the extent of rubber-adhesive interfacial interaction. 

Pastor-Sempere N., Eemandez-Garcfa J.C., Orgiles-Barcelo A.C., Torregrosa-Macia R., and Martfn-Martfnez J.M., 1995, Eumaric acid as a promoter of adhesion in vulcanized synthetic rubbers, J. Adhes., 50, 25 2. 

Though animal glue was used as an adhesive for more than 3000 years but its commercial manufacture started only in 1808. Later on starch, casein and rubber based adhesives also came into use. After 1940, several synthetic resin adhesives have been developed. Polyacrylates are used commercially. 

Rosin, a brittle solid, mp 80 °C, is obtained from the gum of trees and tree stumps as a residue after steam distillation of the turpentine. It is made of 90% resin acids and 10% neutral matter. Resin acids are tricyclic monocarboxylic acids of formula C20H30O2. The common isomer is 1-abietic acid. About 38% of rosin is used as paper size (its sodium salt), in synthetic rubber as an emulsifier in polymerization (13%), in adhesives (12%), coatings (8%), and inks (8%). 

Otto Bayer produced PUs in the 1940 s by reacting diisocyanates, such as tolyl diisocyanate, with dihydric alcohols, such as ethylene glycol. In another experiment he added a diisocyanate to cure synthetic rubber (SR) containing hydroxyl groups. The rubber was cured (vulcanized), but it stuck to the mold. Variations of products from these two experiments are now used as two-component adhesives for bonding footwear and automotive plastic parts. 

The advanced applications for nitrocellulose plastisol propellants require that they be integrally bonded to the motor case. Successful case bonding for the multiyear storage life of a rocket calls for special adhesives and liners which are completely compatible with these highly plasticized propellants. Best results have been obtained with a combination of an impervious rubber liner and a crosslinked adhesive system with a limited affinity for the plasticizers used in the propellants. Examples of effective liners are silica-filled butyl rubber and chlorinated synthetic rubber. Epoxy polyamides, isocyanate-crosslinked cellulose esters, and combinations of crosslinked phenol-formaldehyde and polyvinyl formal varnishes have proved to be effective adhesives between propellant and impervious liners. Pressure curing of the propellants helps... 

Another large use of normal butenes in the petrochemical industry is in the production of 1,3-butadiene (CH2 = CH = CH = CH2). In the process, a mixture of n-butenes, air, and steam is passed over a catalyst at a temperature of 500°C to 600°C. Butadiene is used extensively to produce synthetic rubbers (see Isoprene) in polymerization reactions. The greatest use of butadiene is for styrene-butadiene rubber, which contains about a 3 1 ratio of butadiene to styrene. Butadiene is also used as a chemical intermediate to produce other synthetic organics such as chloroprene, for adhesives, resins, and a variety of polymers. 

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