Laminate board

Synthetic resins are extensively used, e.g., in surface finishes, in the fabrication and repair of boat and motor vehicle bodies, in the manufacture of laminated boards, for electrical components, in pattern making and in paints and varnishes. Non-rubber adhesives made from fish glues and from cotton derivatives (e.g. cellulose acetate) tend not to be sensitizing but, depending upon composition and the manner of use, many other types may pose significant dermatitic and fume hazards. 

We should not think that heat is lost only from the copper side. The usual laminate (board material) used for SMT (surface mount technology) applications is epoxy-glass FR4, which is a fairly good conductor of heat. So some of the heat from the side on which the device is mounted does get across to the other side, where it contacts the air and helps reduce the thermal resistance. Therefore, just putting a copper plane on the other side also helps, but only by about 10 to 20%. Note that this opposite copper plane need not even be electrically the same point it could for example just be the usual ground plane. A much greater reduction of thermal resistance (by about 50 to 70%) can be produced if a cluster of small vias (thermal vias) are employed to conduct the heat from the component side to the opposite side of the PCB. 

Permeably faced polyisocyannrate foam laminated board insulation blown with HCFC-141b and CFC-11 was... 

Laminate board packs are made either from flat reels of material or from preformed blanks. These systems are generally tied , that is, the laminate supplier also makes the filling equipment. The fillers are well proven microbiologically and do not need to be placed within a special environment. 

Typical brick-shaped cartons (aptly named briks ) are synonymous with the name of TetraPak and TetraBriks. Laminated board cartons have been available for 70 or more years for liquid products (Figure 9.6). Developed in the dairy market, they are a major packaging format for still drinks some markets are dominated by the single-serve brik and others by the multi-serve version. The other significant factor for these drinks cartons is that the system is available worldwide, making global production of new products much easier. 

Figure 9.6 Structure of a laminated board carton. Source Reproduced with kind permission from TetraPak.

More than 50% of the rigid polyurethane foams manufactured in the United States in 1994 are used in the construction industry (Table 10). About 60% of the total rigid foam is used in laminated boards and insulation panels about 30% is poured in place. Insulated appliances is another important use of rigid insulation foam. 

A liquid adhesive, which is used to make laminated boards, consists of a polymer dissolved in a solvent. The amount of polymer in the solution has to be carefully controlled for this application. When the supplier of the adhesive receives an order for 3000 kg of an adhesive solution containing 13 wt % polymer, all it has on hand is (1) 500 kg of a 10 wt % solution, (2) a very large quantity of a 20 wt % solution, and (3) pure solvent. 

Polyurethane rigid foam is an excellent insulation material, particularly well suited for applications requiring high mechanical properties. In the form of laminated boards, they are applied on roofs, ventilated facades, ventilated double walls, masonry construction, single-wall masonry interior walls, floors and ceilings and for floor heating systems. 

Facing materials for use on the laminate board and sandwich panel, etc. include metal plates (steel, iron, and aluminum), metal foils, non-woven cloth and various kinds of paper (glass-fiber, ceramic-fiber, and flame-retardant), and the complex of these materials. Because the adhesive strength of phenolic foam is weak, special measures must be taken on the side of the facing material. 

Cmtinuous Laminated Board. Laminated board with incombustible facing materials (glass fiber, ceramic, alumina-paper), or kraft paper is also widely used as a thermal-insulating building material. For example, laminated board is used for roof, ceiling, wall, and floor applications and for refrigeration storehouses. For producing continuous... 

Based on almost the same theory as that of laminated board production, metal-siding board can be manufactured. In metal-siding board steel or aluminum plate is formed to profiled shapes in advance, and phenolic foam and incombustible paper are molded by an integral molding method. This method is widely used in Japan and Korea to produce exterior materials for wooden houses. An example of such material for wooden houses is shown in Figure 68. 

Part 2 1975. Laminated Board for Use as a Wall and Ceiling Insulation, 12 pp... 

Part 3 1975. Two Types of Laminated Board (Roofboards) with Auto-Adhesively Boruled Reinforcing Facings for Use as Roofboard Thermal Insulation for Built- Up Roofs, 17... 

Use Paper coating, grease-resistant coating, label varnishes, laminated board, solid-color prints, printing inks, food coatings, microencapsulation, fibers. 

Then laminated boards with surface layers treated this way were used for panels of a wooden fire door and it has been authorized by the Ministry of Construction. 

Wood was soaked or impregnated with chemicals. After that they were set in a hot press and pressed at 160 iC/0.5-2MPa for 5-30min. [Heat-Pressed Treatment]. Comparison specimens were set in a hot oven and dried at 160 °C for 2-6hrs. [Heat-Dried Treatment]. Heat pressed material was put on top of each other or untreated material with emulsion polymer-isocyanate adhesives to make a laminated board. 

The door the size of 890W x 2350H x 45T was made of Nyatoh mainly. The panels consisted of Nyatoh and above mentioned fire resistant laminated board and the thickness of the panel inserted portion was 20mm. It was heated for 20min. along the test method of the notice in 1990. 

Laminated board with raised fire retardance of the surface layer showed high fire endurance as well as compressed wood. 

In fire tests it was recognized that the ability of fire endurance of a wooden door depended on the thickness of materials. In order to improve fire endurance of a panel-stile constructed door, it was proper to improve thinner portion of door, named panels. So laminated boards with improved fire retardance at the surface were used for a wooden fire door and it has been authorized by the Ministry of Construction. 

USE Manuf plastics papar coatings, adhesives substitutes for shellac, Laminated board, in solid color printing, films, edible coatings for foodstuffs. 

Heat-proof laminate board. [Data from Lin, G, us Patent 5,612,111, Mar is, 1997 ] Heat-proof laminate board is produced from steel corrugated plate (forming the surface of the laminate) and PVC sheet which is sprayed on the surface with foaming polyurethane, which fills space between two plates and glues them together. 

A relatively recent application area for pcD has been in the woodworking industry. Wood composites such as medium density fibreboard (MDF), chipboard, laminated boards with plastic coatings, for use in furniture and on floorings, and also composites, used in wall claddings and in ceilings, all tend to be highly abrasive... 

Uses Flame retardant, plasticizer for flexible/rigid polyurethane foam, laminated board, board stock, pkg., textiles, carpetbacking, adhesives, paints... 

---