Surface preparation cleaning

Specific surface preparation (cleaning and priming, etc.) and support structures... 

Selection of adhesive, surface preparation, cleaning and bonding should follow the same principles as applicable for the replacement of decayed beam ends. This technique has low intrusiveness and visual impact, and although not reversible, it allows keeping in place the original element that would otherwise have to be replaced. 

Method of surface preparation, cleaning, surface finish of bodies, type of malerial/lubricant, method of supplying the lubricant, relative humi ty... 

Table 4 Summarizes design limitations for surface preparation/cleaning processes...

Are they too big for the process to accommodate, either in respect to the pretreatment surface preparation/cleaning facilities or plating tanks, vacuum chambers, and the like ... 

Application Methods and Surface Preparation. Eor good durabiHty and performance, proper surface preparation and correct appHcation of house paints are as important as the formulation of high quaHty paint. Proper surface preparation prior to painting involves several considerations. Eor new constmction, proper installation and protection of the substrate material are necessary. Eor previously painted surfaces, preparation involves mostly cleaning and removing any existing paint that is unstable. Once surface preparation is complete, the appHcation process can begin. 

Surface preparation, always important in obtaining optimal coatings performance, is critical for marine coatings (see Metal surface treatments). Surface preparation usually comprises about half of the total coating costs, and if inadequate may be responsible for early coating failure. Proper surface preparation includes cleaning to remove contaminants and roughening the surface to faciUtate adhesion. 

Avoidance of the use of unauthorised thinners for paint dilution, surface preparation or cleaning of spray guns/brushes/rollers. Avoidance of skin contact and ingestion of chemicals by ... 

Surface Preparation-the cleaning of a surface prior to treatment. 

Application of protective paints consists of surface preparation of steel, priming coat and finishing coats. Wherever possible, steel should be blast-cleaned before painting. Primers thoroughly wet the metal to promote adhesion of finishing paints and carry inhibitive pigments. For example, red lead oxide will minimize the spread of rust on metal surfaces. The total thickness of fmishing coats must be at least 0.125 mm for adequate protection and life. Four coats of paint usually are necessary to achieve this. 

Surface preparation is of prime importance, and optimum performance of modern protection coatings can be achieved only if the surface of the steel has been adequately treated. The method of surface preparation depends on the shape and size of the structure or component. Thus it is preferable to blast-clean an openwork steel structure by manual methods, since with this type of structure automatic blast cleaning would lead to excessive impingement of the abrasive on the machine itself. 

After suitable surface preparation, e.g. blast cleaning, low-alloy steels can be coated by paints, sprayed metal coatings, etc. and there is some evidence that such coatings last longer than on mild steel under similar conditions of exposure. ... 

The anode material must stay firmly attached to the steel insert, which is necessary to conduct the current from the anode to the structure, throughout its design life to remain effective. Consequently surface preparation (by dry blast cleaning ) of the insert prior to casting, to ensure a sound bond with the anode material, is essential. Voids at the insert/anode material interface are undesirable as these will also affect the bond integrity. 

Very high standards of surface preparation are necessary, e.g. abrasive blast cleaning to Sa2y, BS7079 Part Al, 1989 for steel components... 

Penetration of rust through an otherwise intact paint film is usually a result of inadequate surface preparation before painting, especially over weathered and hand-cleaned steel. However, superficial rust staining may be traceable to dissolved iron salts, e.g. in bilge water from a ship s deck. 

Photographic standards and written descriptions of various stages of visual cleanness of steel surfaces after surface preparation by blasting are available in British Standard 7079 Part A1.1989, Series Sa. ... 

Pickling as a method of surface preparation is generally carried out by immersing the steel in an acid bath and then rinsing with clean water. It is essentially a works process because it must be carefully controlled. Site application of acid washes, etc, is not recommended. 

Nature of the metal surface Clean, smooth, metal surfaces usually require a lower concentration of inhibitor for protection than do rough or dirty surfaces. Relative figures for minimum concentrations of benzoate, chromate and nitrite necessary to inhibit the corrosion of mild steel with various types of surface finish have been given in a recent laboratory studyThese results show that benzoate effectiveness is particularly susceptible to surface preparation. It is unwise, therefore, to apply results obtained in laboratory studies with one type of metal surface preparation to other surfaces in practical conditions. The presence of oil, grease or corrosion products on metal surfaces will also affect the concentration of inhibitor required with the... 

Certain British Standards, e.g. for galvanising or metal spraying", contain detailed sections on surface preparation. Others are concerned with acid pickling but the chief method of preparing iron and steel for a long-life protective system is by blast cleaning see Section 12.4). 

Good surface preparation is essential, as in all deposition processes, and this can be achieved by chemically cleaning the substrate followed by sputter cleaning with argon just prior to the actual deposition. 

Several environment-friendly surface preparation for the treatment of mbber soles with radiations have been recently studied. These treatments are clean (no chemicals or reactions by-products are produced) and fast, and furthermore online bonding at shoe factory can be produced, so the future trend in surface modification of substrates in shoe industry will be likely directed to the industrial application of those treatments. Corona discharge, low-pressure RF gas plasma, and ultraviolet (UV) treatments have been successfully used at laboratory scale to improve the adhesion of several sole materials in shoe industry. Recently, surface modification of SBR and TR by UV radiation has been industrially demonstrated in shoe industry... 

The Ti02 (001) surface was cleaned and reduced by cycles of ion bombardment as previously described [3]. The distribution of titanium oxidation states was determined from cxirve fitting the Ti(2p3/2) envelope in x-ray photoelectron spectra [3]. After surface preparation, reaction experiments were conducted in either the TPD or steady state mode. TPD experiments have been described [1]. XPS spectra were also obtained following a saturation exposure of the sample using the same procedure as that for the TPD experiments. After pump down, the crystal was placed under the Mg X-ray source and the Ti(2p), 0(ls), and C(ls) regions were scanned. For steady-state experiments a dosing needle was aligned perpendicular to the axis of the mass spectrometer. It was used to direct a steady beam of methylacetylene (Linde, 95%) at the crystal surface when the sample was placed at the aperture of the mass spectrometer. Steady state reaction experiments were... 

When the direct-on process is utilized, surface preparation requirements are more critical to ensure effective enamel adhesion. The acid etch is often deeper and the nickel deposition is always thicker. Typically, the nickel coating is 0.01 to 0.02 g/m2 for direct-on coating as compared to 0.002 to 0.007 g/m2 for two-coat applications. A few porcelain enamelers prefer to omit the nickel deposition step. Although the nickel enhances enamel bonding, product quality requirements may not require nickel deposition. The omission of the nickel step necessitates the utilization of a heavy acid etch to ensure a clean, properly conditioned surface for enamel bonding.3-6... 

The surface preparation operations for strip are dependent upon whether the basis material is steel or aluminum. The surface preparation steps for steel strip are minimal in comparison to porcelain enameling on steel sheets because precleaned strip steel is used. Steel strip is nickel immersion plated prior to the enameling step. Surface preparation for aluminum involves only cleaning. The enamel for either basis material is applied by means of spray guns that are aimed at the surface of the moving strip. Two coats are normally applied, the strip being fired after each coat. 

Water rinses are used in surface preparation operations such as acid pickling, alkaline cleaning, and nickel deposition to remove any process solution film left from the previous bath. A water rinse may also follow the neutralization step. Another common water use is in the ball milling process, which uses water as the vehicle for the enamel ingredients, as a cooling medium, and for cleaning the equipment. Coating application processes normally use wet spray booths to capture oversprayed enamel particles. Water wash spray booths use a water curtain into which the enamel particles are blown and captured. 

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