Material surface preparation techniques cleaning metals

The wet lay-up is the most basic method for repair of pipes. As with all repair techniques, the surface of the pipe must be cleaned and prepared. Most designs assume that after the repair is completed the stresses in the pipe will be resisted jointly by the steel pipe and the FRP liner. This requires proper bonding between the FRP and the host pipe. A typical surface preparation for such pipes includes sandblasting of the pipe to white metal condition. The surface of the pipe must be cleaned by air pressure to remove any loose materials. If the resin system is moisture sensitive, care must be taken to avoid moisture buildup on the pipe surface. In most cases, forced airflow will provide ventilation for the crew working inside the pipe. The temperature of this air can be adjusted to ensure a dry pipe surface during the repair. 

In summary, effective methods have been identified for the preparation of conductive polymer/superconductor and molecular metal/superconductor composite structures. Here both solution-processing strategies and electrochemical deposition techniques for the preparation of the composite structures have been developed. Moreover, a powerful new high-Tc self-assembly method based on the spontaneous adsorption of amine reagents onto cuprate surfaces has been developed that affords precise control of the synthesis of polymer/superconductor composite systems. With these methods, the hybrid structures can be prepared with little chemical or physical damage to either conductor component material. Convincing evidence for the clean combination of the molecular and superconductor components has been obtained from electrochemical, conductivity, contact resistance, and electron microscopic measurements. 

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