Surface clean, preparation

Metal cleaning Surface preparation for machining or coatings Oil, grease, particulates, inorganic salts... 

A method to elude those defects, induced reconstructions, or anion adsorption is to transfer the electrodes under well-controlled conditions including atmosphere. Thus, undesirable effects from oxygen adsorption or impurities as a source of voltammogram modifications can be avoided. These requirements are fulfilled in the iodine-carbon monoxide substitution method which was proposed for the preparation of clean and well-ordered Pt( 111) [66] and applied to Pt(100) clean surface preparation [67]. An interesting alternative to this method would be to find experimental conditions that maintain a carbon monoxide adlayer for surface protection during the transfer, assuming that this adsorption is innocuous for the surface structure itself. If this efficient protection makes no detectable surface-order modifications for Pt(100) electrodes as deduced from the cyclic voltammetric contour, we can conclude that this protection method is convenient for studying the influence of anion adsorption on the surface structure in transfer experiments. 

In large part, this somewhat unsatisfactory approach stems from the use of oxide semiconductors as vehicles for study. From a chemical viewpoint, their choice is entirely logical since they are widely used as catalysts, but in every other respect they are unsuitable. Stone [2] has pointed out some of the limitations, which include the poor quality of oxide crystals in terms of structural perfection, stoichiometry and purity, the virtual absence of any theoretical or experimental evaluation of their surface electronic and crystallographic structure, except in the most elementary terms [3], and a very limited technology for clean surface preparation, such that part of the reported work may not have related to semiconductor surfaces at all because of the level of contamination. 

Zhang T, Zhang P, Li S, Li W, Wu Z, Jiang Y (2013) Black silicon with self-cleaning surface prepared by wetting process. Nanoscale Res Lett 8 351, 5 pages... 

The (100) surface of a TMC is a neutral surface composed of equal numbers of metal and carbon atoms (Fig. 1). All the TMC(IOO) clean surfaces prepared in ultrahigh vacuum conditions show (1 X 1) low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) patterns, and no lateral reconstruction has been found. However, LEED I-V analysis studies of the TaC(lOO) (3,4) and HfC(lOO) (3) surfaces have revealed that rippled reconstructions are brought about on these surfaces. The rippled reconstruction includes displacements of surface atoms vertical to the surface the metal atoms and carbon atoms are uniformly displaced inward and outward, respec-... 

M. L. White, in Clean Surfaces, Their Preparation and Characterization for Interfacial Studies, G. Goldfinger, ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1970. 

Vanderhoff J W, van den Flul FI J, Tausk R J and Overbeek J Th G 1970 The preparation of mododisperse latexes with well-oharaoterized surfaoes Clean Surfaces ed G Goldfinger (New York Dekker) pp 15-44... 

Application Methods and Surface Preparation. Eor good durabiHty and performance, proper surface preparation and correct appHcation of house paints are as important as the formulation of high quaHty paint. Proper surface preparation prior to painting involves several considerations. Eor new constmction, proper installation and protection of the substrate material are necessary. Eor previously painted surfaces, preparation involves mostly cleaning and removing any existing paint that is unstable. Once surface preparation is complete, the appHcation process can begin. 

Pa.ints, Paints (qv) prepared from poly(vinyl acetate) and its copolymers form flexible, durable films with good adhesion to clean surfaces, including wood, plaster, concrete, stone, brick, cinder blocks, asbestos board, asphalt, tar paper, wahboards, aluminum, and galvani2ed iron (147). Adherence is also good on painted surfaces if the surfaces are free from dirt, grease, and mst. Developments in emulsion polymeri2ation for paint latices have been reviewed (148). 

Surface preparation, always important in obtaining optimal coatings performance, is critical for marine coatings (see Metal surface treatments). Surface preparation usually comprises about half of the total coating costs, and if inadequate may be responsible for early coating failure. Proper surface preparation includes cleaning to remove contaminants and roughening the surface to faciUtate adhesion. 

Avoidance of the use of unauthorised thinners for paint dilution, surface preparation or cleaning of spray guns/brushes/rollers. Avoidance of skin contact and ingestion of chemicals by ... 

Defence Standard 03-2/Issue 3. Cleaning and preparation of metal surfaces, British Ministry of Defence, March 1995. 

Surface Preparation-the cleaning of a surface prior to treatment. 

Application of protective paints consists of surface preparation of steel, priming coat and finishing coats. Wherever possible, steel should be blast-cleaned before painting. Primers thoroughly wet the metal to promote adhesion of finishing paints and carry inhibitive pigments. For example, red lead oxide will minimize the spread of rust on metal surfaces. The total thickness of fmishing coats must be at least 0.125 mm for adequate protection and life. Four coats of paint usually are necessary to achieve this. 

The Cleaning and Preparation of Melal Surfaces, Defence Standard 03-2/1 (1970), obtainable from the Ministry of Defence, First Avenue House, High Holborn, London, W.C.I. 

Surface preparation is of prime importance, and optimum performance of modern protection coatings can be achieved only if the surface of the steel has been adequately treated. The method of surface preparation depends on the shape and size of the structure or component. Thus it is preferable to blast-clean an openwork steel structure by manual methods, since with this type of structure automatic blast cleaning would lead to excessive impingement of the abrasive on the machine itself. 

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