Loading rate

Table 1 provides the approximate load bearing capabiUties of various adhesive types. Because the load-bearing capabiUties of an adhesive are dependent upon the adherend material, the loading rate, temperature, and design of the adhesive joint, wide ranges of performance are Hsted. 

The Reynolds number of the condensate film (falling film) is 4r/ I, where F is the weight rate of flow (loading rate) of condensate per unit perimeter kg/(s m) [lb/(h ft)]. The thickness of the condensate film for Reynolds number less than 2100 is (SflF/p g). ... 

Mileage credit is paid to owners or lessees of this type of hopper car. To gain mileage credit car must he loaded. Rate is negotiable. A typical rate is 0.43 per loaded mile. 

Loading rate 0.6 to 1.6 kg/(m -day) [0.04 to 0.10 Ih/ (ft -day)]. Not well defined at present time. Siguificautly higher rates have heeu reported. 

The values of these factors are provided by the bearing manufacturers in their catalogues, based on the ratios F /Cg and F IFy, where C is the static load rating in kg or N (based on a contact stress of 4200 MPg for ball bearings and 4000 MPj, for roller bearings, also provided in these catalogues. MPg is the unit of stress in Mega-Pascals. 

C = basic dynamic load rating in kg or N (provided by the bearing manufacturer). It is the load which will give a life of 1 million revolutions P - equivalent dynamic bearing load in kg or N p = exponent of the life equation, which depends upon the type of contact between the races and the rolling elements. It is recommended as 3 for ball bearings and 10/3 for roller bearings = speed of the machine in r.p.m. 

Lf, - normal life of bearing in working hours C = basic dynamic load rating (kg or /V)... 

Lundberg, G. and Palmgren, A., Load Ratings and Fatigue Life for Roller Bearings, Std. 11-1978. 

In this chapter, we will review the effects of shock-wave deform.ation on material response after the completion of the shock cycle. The techniques and design parameters necessary to implement successful shock-recovery experiments in metallic and brittle solids will be discussed. The influence of shock parameters, including peak pressure and pulse duration, loading-rate effects, and the Bauschinger effect (in some shock-loaded materials) on postshock structure/property material behavior will be detailed. 

The influence of loading rate during shock loading on the defect generation and storage proeesses has been examined in OFE eopper shoek loaded using three different loading rates [51]. These include ... 

Figure 6.18. Stress-strain response of copper loaded to 10 GPa as a function of loading rate.

G.T. Gray III and C.E. Morris, Influence of Loading Rate of the Mechanical Response and Substructure Evolution of Shock-Loaded Copper, in DYMAT 91, Journal De Physique IV, Colloque C3, Suppl. an Journal de Physique III, Vol. 1 (1991), C3-191. 

Strain rate also affeets tensile properties at test. An inereasing strain rate tends to inerease tensile properties sueh as Su and Sy. However, a high loading rate tends to promote brittle fraeture (Juvinall, 1967). The average strain rate used in obtaining a... 

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