Sulfones compounds

In sulfamation, also termed A/-sulfonation, compounds of the general stmcture R2NSO2H are formed as well as their corresponding salts, acid hahdes, and esters. The reagents are sulfamic acid (amido—sulfuric acid), SO —pyridine complex, SO —tertiary amine complexes, ahphatic amine—SO. adducts, and chlorine isocyanate—SO complexes (3). 

Three dyes are triaryl- or triphenyhnethanes. Each, like FD C Blue No. 1, consists of three aromatic rings attached to a central carbon atom. AH are water-soluble, anionic, sulfonated compounds. FD C Blue No. 1 has the stmcture (1) shown in Figure 1. 

In the first case (22), almost stoichiometric amounts of sulfuric acid or chlorosulfonic acid are used. The amine sulfate or the amine chlorosulfate is, first, formed and heated to about 180 or 130°C, respectively, to rearrange the salt. The introduction of the sulfonic acid group occurs only in the ortho position, and an almost quantitative amount of l-aminoanthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid is obtained. On the other hand, the use of oleum (23) requires a large excess of SO to complete the reaction, and inevitably produces over-sulfonated compound such as l-amino-anthraquinone-2,4-disulfonic acid. Addition of sodium sulfate reduces the byproduct to a certain extent. Improved processes have been proposed to make the isolation of the intermediate (19) uimecessary (24,25). 

Ito and Matsuda studied the y-radiolysis of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF) solutions of diphenyl sulfone and dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide (DBTSD) at 77 K. They found that the radical anions of these sulfone compounds are formed and have intense absorption bands at 1030 nm and 850 nm, respectively. The blue glassy solution of y-irradiated diphenyl sulfone has absorption bands at both 1030 nm and 360 nm while the absorption spectrum of the benzenesulfonyl radical formed by UV irradiation of diphenyl sulfone solution at 77 K showed only a peak at 382 nm. Gamma-irradiated phenyl methyl sulfone solution showed an absorption band only at 385 nm. Consequently the appearance of the absorption bands in 800-1030 nm of diphenyl sulfone and DBTSD may suggest that the unpaired electron is delocalized on two phenyl rings. The same authors studied the radiolysis of MTHF solutions of disulfones (diphenyl and dihexyl disulfones). They found a blue coloring of the solution by the y-radiolysis of diphenyl disulfone and dihexyl disulfone due to absorption peaks at 695 nm and 690 nm respectively, besides smaller absorptions at 300-400 nm. Comparing these results to the previous observation, that phenyl methyl sulfone solution absorbs only at 398 nm, results in the conclusion that the absorption band at 690 nm is due to the linked two sulfone moieties. The authors found that substituents on the phenyl ring lead to shifts in the absorption maxima of the... 

Mori, S., Secondary effects in aqueous size exclusion chromatography of sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) compounds, Anal. Chem., 61, 530, 1989. 

To reach the reductive step of the azo bond cleavage, due to the reaction between reduced electron carriers (flavins or hydroquinones) and azo dyes, either the reduced electron carrier or the azo compound should pass the cell plasma membrane barrier. Highly polar azo dyes, such as sulfonated compounds, cannot pass the plasma membrane barrier, as sulfonic acid substitution of the azo dye structure apparently blocks effective dye permeation [28], The removal of the block to the dye permeation by treatment with toluene of Bacillus cereus cells induced a significant increase of the uptake of sulfonated azo dyes and of their reduction rate [29]. Moreover, cell extracts usually show to be more active in anaerobic reduction of azo dyes than whole cells. Therefore, intracellular reductases activities are not the best way to reach sulfonated azo dyes reduction the biological systems in which the transport of redox mediators or of azo dye through the plasma membrane is not required are preferable to achieve their degradation [13]. 

G. Socher, R. Nussbaum, K. Rissler and E. Lankmayr, Analysis of sulfonated compounds by ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr.A, 912 (2001) 53-60. 

Column, octadecyl-bonded silica gel, 15 cm x 4.6 mm i.d. eluent, 0.01 M sodium acetate buffer containing 0.4 M copper acetate and 1.0 mM sodium alkanesulfonate (pH 5.6) flow rate, 1 ml min-1 detection, UV 230 nm. Counter-ion C6, sodium hexanesulfonate Cl, sodium heptanesulfonate and C8, sodium octane sulfonate. Compounds Ser, serine Gly, glycine Glu, glutamic acid and Asp, aspartic acid. 

It has also been argued that the high affinity of sulfonate compounds for LDHs (to the extent that, unlike most anions, they are not displaced by carbonate) indicates a coordinate bond between sulfonate oxygen and aluminum ions. It has been claimed that FT-IR and CP/NMR data support this hypothesis [139]. 

One of the most important active ingredients of detergents is the sulfate or sulfonate compounds made via the oleum route. A process flow diagram is shown in Figure 9. In most cases, the sulfonation/sulfation is carried out continuously in a reactor where the oleum (a solution of sulfur trioxide in sulfuric acid) is brought into contact with the hydrocarbon or alcohol and a... 

The reactivity of epoxides is similar to that of sulfonates. Compounds containing both an epoxide and a sulfonate can react at either of these functional groups with... 

Kelley, W., Matzner, M., and Patel, S. 1991. Poly(biphenyl ether sulfone) compounds. WO 9115,539. 

Ca, Sr, and Ba carboxylate, thiocarboxylate, thiocarboxylate-carboxylate, sulfito, and sulfonate compounds and their monodentate base adducts are white solids, many of which decompose on melting and are only soluble in protic solvents such as alcohols and water.I68-232-240 They are invariably oligomeric or polymeric in the solid state see, for example, Refs. 235, 239, and 240. On thermolysis, the nonfluorinated carboxylates degrade to the metal carbonates while their fluorinated congeners usually form the metal fluorides.212 222-262 269 The thiocarboxylates give mixtures of the metal oxides and sulfates on thermolysis in air.238-239 270 The methyl-thiocarbonate compound, Ca[(OCS)OMe]2(MeOH)3 2, is a dimer in the solid state, soluble in polar coordinating solvents and stable under reduced... 

The reduction of the capacity factors with increasing organic modifier concentration in the eluent was weaker when methanol was used compared to acetonitrile, and this was attribnted to its lower polarity [5]. Even if methanol or acetonitrile are the most common organic modifiers, an unusual solvent, tetramethylene oxide [16], was recently tested in the IPC of sulfides and aromatic sulfonated compounds and proved to play an important role in adjusting retention. 

Socher, G. et al. Analysis of sulfonated compounds by reversed-phase ion-pair chroma-tography-mass spectrometry with on-line removal of non-volatile tetrabutyl ammonium ion-pairing agents. Chromatographia 2001,54, 65—70. 

Alcohols dissolve in cold concentrated sulfuric acid. This property they share with alkenes, amines, practically all compounds containing oxygen, and easily sulfonated compounds. (Alcohols, like other oxygen-containing compounds, form oxonium salts, which dissolve in the highly polar sulfuric acid.)... 

Organic inhibitors in the nickel bath also influence the texture of nickel deposits. The inhibition effects are related to their molecular structure [6.69]. In the presence of brightners with unsaturated ethylenic or acetylenic compounds, the [110] texture is preferentially formed. With aryl-sulfonic compounds used as leveling agents, the [100] or [211] textures are favored. The modification of the crystal growth has been interpreted by an adsorption-hydrogenation-desorption model. The nature and the strength of a bond between a metallic surface and an adsorbed species depend on the... 

The reduced activity coefficient in the site is sometimes mixed with the hydrophylic moieties. It is of importance to point out that hydrophylic moieties are those that are responsible for the lowering of astrong interaction with the water molecules that arrests them in a tight hydration shell. In the cases listed above we noted low a(H2o) values at sites with high association constant (KA = 106 - 107M-1) for highly sulfonated compounds. Thus, it seems to me that hydrophobic interactions might be better discussed in terms of surface tension (Me-... 

Sulfones - Compounds having the structure, RS(=0)2R (R not equal to H), e.g. C2HjS(=0)2CH3, ethyl methyl sulfone. [5]... 

The steric hindrance that would result is enough to make formation of the 3-sulfonated compound unfavorable, and to direct SO3 ortho to the smaller CH3 group rather than to the larger (CH3>2CH group. This forms the 2-sulfonic acid. 

Consider an aromatic substitution reaction to make the sulfonated compound. Rank the following from 1 (most reactive) to 4 (least reactive). 

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