Sulfonated lignin model compounds

Analogous conductometric titrations have been used to determine the sulfonic acid content of isolated lignin sulfonates (James and Tice 1965, Kojima et al. 1960, Peniston and McCarthy 1948, Samuelson 1948) and sulfonated lignin model compounds (Mikawa and Sato 1958). 

Bifunctional acid chlorides were useful in crosslinking sulfonated lignin model compounds in aqueous alkali (Figure 4), but they behaved poorly during inter-molecular crosslinking of polymeric lignins (26). 

Cyanuric chloride was described as a potent trifunctional crosslinking agent for both model compounds and sulfonated lignins (27) (Figure 5). A healthy incorporation of triazine functionality produced homogeneous network gels. 

The initial work on laccase oxidation of lignin in the presence of 2,2 -azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), ABTS, as mediator demonstrated that simple nonphenolic model compounds could be oxidized as shown in Figure 11.41 [184]. Thereby, the function of laccases was given a broader importance than just as oxidant of phenolic substrates. Subsequent work has demonstrated that in the... 

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