Alkyl sulfonates compounds

The Julia-Lythgoc olefination operates by addition of alkyl sulfone anions to carbonyl compounds and subsequent reductive deoxysulfonation (P. Kocienski, 1985). In comparison with the Wittig reaction, it has several advantages sulfones are often more readily available than phosphorus ylides, and it was often successful when the Wittig olefination failed. The elimination step yields exclusively or predominantly the more stable trans olefin stereoisomer. 

Sulfonic acids are prone to reduction with iodine [7553-56-2] in the presence of triphenylphosphine [603-35-0] to produce the corresponding iodides. This type of reduction is also facile with alkyl sulfonates (16). Aromatic sulfonic acids may also be reduced electrochemicaHy to give the parent arene. However, sulfonic acids, when reduced with iodine and phosphoms [7723-14-0] produce thiols (qv). Amination of sulfonates has also been reported, in which the carbon—sulfur bond is cleaved (17). Ortho-Hthiation of sulfonic acid lithium salts has proven to be a useful technique for organic syntheses, but has Httie commercial importance. Optically active sulfonates have been used in asymmetric syntheses to selectively O-alkylate alcohols and phenols, typically on a laboratory scale. Aromatic sulfonates are cleaved, ie, desulfonated, by uv radiation to give the parent aromatic compound and a coupling product of the aromatic compound, as shown, where Ar represents an aryl group (18). 

Cationic, anionic, and amphoteric surfactants derive thek water solubiUty from thek ionic charge, whereas the nonionic hydrophile derives its water solubihty from highly polar terminal hydroxyl groups. Cationic surfactants perform well in polar substrates like styrenics and polyurethane. Examples of cationic surfactants ate quaternary ammonium chlorides, quaternary ammonium methosulfates, and quaternary ammonium nitrates (see QuARTERNARY AMMONIUM compounds). Anionic surfactants work well in PVC and styrenics. Examples of anionic surfactants ate fatty phosphate esters and alkyl sulfonates. 

Alkyl-rest, n. alkyl residue, alkyl group, -sulfo-aSore, /. alkyl sulfonic acid, -verbindung, /. alkyl compound. 

Compounds 45 exhibit, in addition to sulfone-sulfmate rearrangements1 2 4-6 11, alkyl sulfone cleavages4,6,27, intramolecular Smiles-type rearrangements33 and extrusion of S023,5,29,30, an exceptional mode of remote group interaction which leads to the loss of... 

Since sulfonate groups have been used in other ground-water tracers, the goal of this work was to synthesize several N-substi-tuted pyridone alkyl sulfonates which might be less susceptible to adsorption as well as more soluble. Alkyl sulfonates of varying chain lengths would be unique in a water system and separately identifiable by HPLC analysis. Two series of compounds were synthesized (Vla-c and Vlla-c). These compounds could be prepared by treating compounds III and IV with the appropriate lu-bromoalkyl sulfonate. 

Rhodococcus strain SY1 was reported to desulfurize dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and several alkyl sulfonates [41] in addition to DBT [78], Barium chloride has been used to precipitate sulfate and shown to alleviate sulfate repression partially. The authors proposed a tentative pathway for oxidative removal of sulfur from DBT and other organosulfur compounds. It should be noted that phenyl disulfide and thianaph-thene were not desulfurized by any of the Rhodococcus strains, but have been reported to be substrates of Gordonia CYKS2. 

Ionic or partially ionic compounds can be chromatographed on reversed-phase columns through the use of ion-pairing reagents. These reagents are typically long-chain alkyl anions or cations that, in dilute concentrations, can increase the retention of analyte ions. For cationic compounds, C5 to CIO alkyl sulfonates are commonly used combinations may also be used... 

The RP-Cis LC separation of this mixture of aliphatic linear alkane sulfonates (CnH2n+i—SO3) and SAS from an industrial blend in combination with APCI—LC—MS(—) detection is presented as total ion mass trace (Fig. 2.11.2(f)) together with selected mass traces (m/z 277, 291, 305 and 319 for (re +x = 11-14)) in Fig. 2.11.2(b)-(e), respectively. The resolved mass traces proved the presence of large number of isomers of every SAS homologue in this blend. This complexity is generated because of the linear isomer precursor and the mixture of branched alkyl precursor compounds applied to chemical synthesis [22], In parallel to elution behaviour observed in GC the branched isomers of alkylsulfates in LC separation were expected to elute first. 

LC separation applying ion chromatography in combination with ion spray mass spectrometric detection was applied for the examination of a synthetic mixture of alkyl sulfonates (CnH2n+i-SO3 re = 8) and AS with different alkyl chain lengths in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) ESI-MS(—) mode [53], Selected ion current profiles provided the separation of the compounds. The ionic matrix constituents of the eluent were removed by a suppressor module prior to MS detection to improve the signal to noise (S/N) ratio. 

The elucidation of the retention mechanism in ion-pair reversed-phase chromatography using alkyl amines or alkyl sulfonates as hetaerons has evoked significant interest not only for the great potential of the method in the separation of ionic compounds but also for theoretical reasons. 

Iron-acyl enolates, such as 2, prepared by x-deprotonation of the corresponding acyl complexes with lithium amides or alkyllithiums, are nearly always generated as fs-enolates which suffer stereoselective alkylation while existing as the crmt-conformer which places the carbon monoxide oxygen anti to the enolate oxygen (see Section 1.1.1.3.4.1.). These enolates react readily with strong electrophiles, such as primary iodoalkanes, primary alkyl sulfonates, 3-bromopropenes, (bromomethyl)benzenes and 3-bromopropynes, a-halo ethers and a-halo carbonyl compounds (Houben-Weyl, Volume 13/9 a, p 413) (see Table 6 for examples). 

The metalated hydrazones are alkylated by alkyl halides, dialkyl sulfates or alkyl sulfonates at low temperatures in tetrahydrofuran (—95°C) or diethyl ether (— 110°C) to form the a-sub-stituted hydrazones in nearly quantitative yields. The ambident azaenolates react exclusively at the C-terminus side products resulting from N-, di-, or polyalkylation are not observed. The crude alkylated hydrazones can be purified by distillation or silica gel chromatography (diethyl ether/pentane) without epimerization. However, in most cases, they are pure enough to be directly cleaved to the desired alkylated carbonyl compound. 

Not all sulfur trioxide is converted to sulfuric acid. Although the normal liquid range of SO3 is narrow (17-45°C), it is produced as the liquid for use in the sulfonation of some aromatic organic compounds. The vapor in an airstream is used to produce alkyl sulfonates for use as detergents. 

The composition data obtained for the series of mixed fatty acid-potassium soap systems, prepared by both the ethanol and petroleum ether routes, lend strong support to the formation of 1 to 1 acid-soap complexes. It is of interest to inquire into the phase relationships in these two-component systems. A phase diagram presented by McBain and Field (15) for the lauric acid-potassium laurate system shows that compound formation takes place between the two components at the 1 to 1 molar ratio, but the compound undergoes melting with decomposition at 91.3 °C. [A similar type of phase behavior has been reported by us for the sodium alkyl sulfate-alkyl alcohol (9) and sodium alkyl sulfonate-alkyl alcohol (12) systems, but in these cases the stoichiometry is 2 to 1]. 

Another sulfone-based elimination of large applicability was proposed by Julia [418,419], Condensation of a metalled phenyl alkyl sulfone with a carbonyl compound, functionalization of the alkoxide and reductive elimination leads to an olefin. 

Trialkylaluminums, 21 By geminal alkylation of carbonyl groups Dichlorodimethyltitanium, 216 From reduction of alkyl halides, alkyl sulfonates and similar compounds From acetates or other esters Triphenylsilane, 334 From alcohols... 

The management of cancer includes treatment with alkylating agents (nitrogen mustards and alkyl sulfonates), antimetabolites (methotrexate and purine analogs), natural products (vinca alkaloids and antibiotics), miscellaneous compounds (hydroxyurea, procarbazine, and cis-platinum), hormones (estrogens and corticosteroids), and radioactive isotopes (see Chapter 62). 

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