Subject area, definition

Plasma can be broadly defined as a state of matter in which a significant number of the atoms and/or molecules are electrically charged or ionized. The generally accepted definition is limited to situations whereia the numbers of negative and positive charges are equal, and thus the overall charge of the plasma is neutral. This limitation on charge leaves a fairly extensive subject area. The vast majority of matter ia the universe exists ia the plasma state. Interstellar space, interplanetary space, and even the stars themselves are plasmas. 

Chapter 10 discussed test methods of interest in cellular plastics and related materials from a general point of view and listed industry, government, British and International (ISO) standards in a number of relevant subject areas. This chapter will list published specifications (139) and test methods (116) used in the United States, in addition to British Standards (28) and ISO International Standards (40). United States industry standards inlcude ASTM Test Methods (116), ASTM Practices, Guides, Definitions, Terminologies and Abbreviations (24), ASTM Specifications (23), SAE-AMS Specifications (25), and Underwriters Laboratories Standards (1). U.S. Government standards covered include Military Specifications (67), Military Standards (S), Federal Standards (2), Military Handbooks (6), and Federal Specifications (24). Most of these standards are undergoing frequent revision and unused standards are constantly being withdrawn. A total of 361 standards are covered. 

Short explanations of a limited number of selected terms, or groups of terms, in the subject area are given below. These are less formal than rigid or legal-type definitions and are presented here as an aid to understanding. 

Browsing in a library - this may turn up interesting material, but remember the books on the shelves are those not currently out on loan. Almost by definition, the latter may be more up to date and useful. To find out a library s full holding of books in any subject area, you need to search its catalogue (normally available as a computerized database). 

The above definition of biocompatibility helps to explain the subject area but cannot describe exactly what it is. For this purpose we have to consider the various components that are involved in biocompatibility processes. Biocompatibility refers to the totality of the interfacial reactions between biomaterials and tissues and to their consequences. These reactions and consequences can be divided into four categories. These involve different mechanisms and indeed quite separate sectors of science but are, nevertheless, inter-related. 

As this book is dominantly concerned with porosity in carbons, current definitions of the terminology of the subject area are given in Table 2.3. Later chapters expand fully on these definitions. The literature is not totally consistent with defiiutions and terminology, and it is unlikely that consistency will happen in the immediate future. 

The thermodynamic concepts formulated in chapters 2 to 6 mainly addressed the first and second law. The use of these laws has been illustrated by a number of examples from engineering practice. We have shown how subject areas such as equilibrium in systems of matter, electrochemical phenomena, and thermal effects can be analysed based on the definitions of these laws. 

The purpose of this introduction, other than definition of terms, has been to summarize the key aspects of Tn in a manner slightly different than that employed in ref 1. A further purpose was to update certain topics of particular importance to understanding the structural implications of Ty, as with NMR. In some instances a full section has been prepared, as with zero shear melt viscosity, %, and self diffusion constant, Dq (Section V). New smdies of early Ueberreiter papers have also been included. In other instances, specific subject areas treated briefly in ref 1 are the topic of individual papers in this Symposium. 

Tlie next section of the patent is tided "The Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment", Q (Fig. lb), often a multipage work serving several functions. First, the detailed description should provide an illustration of the invention in both its broadest or simplest sense and in its most preferred sense. Any elements of the invention that the inventor beheves are crucial to the success or performance of the invention must also be included within this description. Further, tbi< description should provide an explanation of the invention that is definite and illustrative, so as to allow persons having nothing but die patent before diem to practice or use die invention in the manner intended. This description should be understood by those who work in the area that covers the subject matter of the patent. 

This area of reactivity has been the subject of excellent reviews (J5). Silyl enol ethers are not sufficiently nucleophilic to react spontaneously with carbonyl compounds they do so under the influence of either Lewis acids or fluoride ion, as detailed above. Few clear trends have emerged from the somewhat limited number of definitive studies reported so far, with ambiguities in diastereoisomeric assignments occasionally complicating the issue even further. 

In modem society, a search is premised upon a person s right to privacy, rather than traditional physical trespass. The Amendment protects people, not places. In Katz v. United States [24] the Court rejected the property approach in favor of a privacy approach. The Supreme Court held a nontresspassory eavesdropping into a public telephone booth constituted a search. The Court focused on the privacy aspect of the amendment, rather than applying it to specific location. The Court declined to characterize a telephone booth as a constitutionally protected area. A search occurs when (1) a person s subjective expectation of privacy is invaded providing (2) society is prepared to recognize that expectation is reasonable. The definition of reasonableness is itself determined on a case by case basis [37]. 

Domains may be regarded as the basic units for the structure, function and evolution of proteins, but the definition of a domain remains fuzzy. They are most often treated as compact or connected areas that are apparent from a visual inspection of protein models. To avoid subjectivity and ambiguities of visual inspection, computer algorithms have been developed to localize domains. Rashin offered an alternative interpretation domains are stable globular fragments, generated in biochemical experiments that refold autonomously and retain specific functions. He proposed a method for localiz-... 

The estimation of the surface area of finely divided solid particles from solution adsorption studies is subject to many of the same considerations as in the case of gas adsorption, but with the added complication that larger molecules are involved whose surface orientation and pore penetrability may be uncertain. A first condition is that a definite adsorption model is obeyed, which in practice means that area determination data are valid within the simple Langmuir Equation 5.23 relation. The constant rate is found, for example, from a plot of the data, according to Equation 5.23, and the specific surface area then follows from Equations 5.21 and 5.22. The surface area of the adsorbent is generally found easily in the literature. 

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