Styrax oil

Manufacture. A limited, amount of natural cinnamyl alcohol is produced by the alkaline hydrolysis of the cinnamyl cinnamate present in Styrax Oil. Thus treatment of the essential oil with alcohoHc potassium hydroxide Hberates cinnamyl alcohol of reasonable purity which is then subjected to distillation. This product is sometimes preferred in fine fragrance perfumery because it contains trace impurities that have a rounding effect in finished formulations. 

Styrax oil and styrax resinoid are obtained from styrax balsam, which is collected from the artiflcially injured trees, Liquidamber orientalis Mill. (Asia Minor) and L. styraciflua L. (Central America) (Hamamelidaceae). 

Steam distillation of the balsam gives styrax oil, a light yellow liquid that contains a relatively large amount of cinnamic acid, which partially crystallizes [783]. Styrax oil has a sweet-balsamic odor with a styrene-like top note. It is used in perfumery in flowery compositions, [8024-01-9], [94891-27-7], [94891-28-8]. 

C9H10O, Mr 134.18 trans isomer [4407-36-7] mp 34°C, bpm3 k >a 257.5 °C, d ° 1.0440, nl 1.5819 this alcohol can exist in cis and trans forms. Although both isomers occur in nature, the trans isomer is far more abundant and is present, for example, in styrax oil. mmv-Cinnamic alcohol is a colorless, crystalline solid with a hyacinth-like balsamic odor. 

The typical constituents are cinnamic alcohol and esters of cinnamic acid, such as methyl and ethyl cinnamate. Styrax oil, steam-distilled from styrax balsam, is a pale yellow to almost water-white viscous liquid with a similar odor profile to s., except for greater diffusion and a more floral-spicy note. Both products are used in floral (jasmine, hyacinth, lilac) notes and in floral-oriental ( odor description) fragrances as booster and as a pleasant addition to the drydown (->odor description) notes. 

Benzoic acid in the free state, or in the form of simple derivatives such as salts, esters, and amides, is widely distributed in nature. Gum benzoin (from styrax ben in) may contain as much as 20% benzoic acid in the free state or in combinations easily broken up by heating. Acaroid resin (from anthorrhoca haslilis) contains from 4.5 to 7%. Smaller amounts of the free acid are found in natural products including the scent glands of the beaver, the bark of the black cherry tree, cranberries, pmnes, ripe cloves, and oil of anise seed. Pern and Tolu balsams contain benzyl benzoate the latter contains free benzoic acid as well. The urine of herbivorous animals contains a small proportion of the glycine derivative of benzoic acid, hippuric acid [495-69-2] (CgH CONHCH2COOH). So-called natural benzoic acid is not known to be available as an item of commerce. 

Styrene occurs naturally in benzoin, rosemary, sweetgum, cassia. Oriental styrax, and Peru balsam (Duke, 1992). Identified as one of 140 volatile constituents in used soybean oils collected from a processing plant that fried various beef, chicken, and veal products (Takeoka et al., 1996). 

Certain resins occur in combination with fragrant volatile oils. One of these is benzoin, obtained from Styrax benzoin by cutting notches in the bark and allowing the resin to collect in them. It is used in making perfumes, in incense, and as a source of benzoic acid, used medicinally. 

The word "chypre derives from the island of Cyprus, which for many centuries was the meeting point between East and West for the trade in aromatic materials. During the nineteenth century it became famed for the production of perfumes combining the citrus oils, floral pomades, and labdanum of the Mediterranean region, with resins and gums, such as styrax, incense, opoponax, and myrrh, imported from Arabia. Animal products such as civet from Ethiopia and musk from the Himalayas were also among the most valued commodities. 

Balsams are mixtures of resins with cinnamic or benzoic acid or both and generally a volatile oil. Examples Balsamum Tolu-tanum, Styrax, Balsamum Peruvianum. 

Marjoram, oil of Thyme, White Sandalwood, Caraway, Lavender, Parsley root, Styrax liquid, Storax, oil of Cloves. Venus... 

Gum Benzoin. Resin benzoin resin benjamin gum benjamin. Balsamic resin from Styrax benzoin Dryand., known as Sumatra benzoin, or from S. tonkinensis (Pierre) Craib, Styracaceae, or other species of Styrax known as Siam benzoin. Habit. Thailand, Cambodia, S. Vietnam, Sumatra, Java, and Sunda Islands. Constit. Ethereal oil, free and combined benzoic and cinnamic acids up to 39%, vanillin, coniferyl benzoate, resin (a mixture of benzoresino] and ben-zoresinotannol) ester fled with benzoic acid, styrol, styradn. Not less than 90% of Siam and not less than 75% of Sumatra benzoic is sol in ale (U.S.F.), Ref Reinitzer, Arch. Pharm. 264, 131 (1926) Brans, Pharm. Weekbl. 73, 374 (1936) Freudenberg, Bittner, Ber. 83, 600 (1950). 

CH = CHa—104—exists ready formed in essential oil of styrax. It is also formed by decomposition of cinnamic acid q.v. or, synthetically, by the action of a red heat upon pure acetylene, a mixture of acetylene and benzene, or a mixture of benzene and ethylene. It is a colorless liquid, has a penetrating odor, recalling those of benzene and naphthalene, and a peppery taste boils at 148° (289°. 4 P.) soluble in all proportions in alcohol and water neutral in reaction. 

Use In the perfume industry styrax products are mainly employed for their fixative properties. They are components of many classical flowery, fantasy perfumes. S. balsam itself has allergenic activity due to the content of triterpene acids and is thus not used. The production of extracts can be carried out such that the acids arc separated, e. g., by treatment with alkali, to furnish a product free of sensitizers, similar to the distilled oil. 

Vanillin is found in Styrax species, in clove oil, and in the flowers of black salsify (Scorzonera), Spiraea and potato. In addition, various foodstuffs, such as milk, wine and rice wine contain vanillin. The smell of old, yellowed paper with a high wood content can be attributed to this compound as well. It is also found in smaller concentrations in the woody part of many plants. Vanillin is found in tobacco to a considerable extent, and it is also contained in the bark of the Pon-derosa pine (Pinus ponderosa). [136] Moreover, male bugs of the species Eury-gaster integriceps secrete vanillin as an attractant. [137] The most important vanilla plant is the climbing orchid. Vanilla planifolia, the fruits of which are harvested nine months before ripeness (Fig. 3.32). 

Definition Essential oil obtained by steam distillation of the aude styrax, Liquidamber orientalis... 

Asafetida (Ferula asafoetida) gum Asafetida (Ferula asafoetida) oil Balm mint (Melissa officinalis) Balm mint (Melissa officinalis) extract Balm mint (Melissa officinalis) oil Balsam Canada (Abies balsamea) Balsam copaiba (Copaifera officinaiis) Balsam copaiba (Copaifera officinaiis) oii Balsam Peru (Myroxyion pereirae) Balsam Peru (Myroxyion pereirae) oii Balsam tolu (Myroxyion balsamum) Barley (Hordeum distichon) extract Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Basil, bush (Ocimum minimum) Basil (Ocimum basilicum) extract Basil (Ocimum basilicum) oil Bay (Pimenta acris) oil Benzoin (Styrax benzoin) extract ... 

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