Styrax

The name is also given to a balsamic resin obtained from Styrax benzoin, which is carminative and mildly expectorant. 

Benzoic acid in the free state, or in the form of simple derivatives such as salts, esters, and amides, is widely distributed in nature. Gum benzoin (from styrax ben in) may contain as much as 20% benzoic acid in the free state or in combinations easily broken up by heating. Acaroid resin (from anthorrhoca haslilis) contains from 4.5 to 7%. Smaller amounts of the free acid are found in natural products including the scent glands of the beaver, the bark of the black cherry tree, cranberries, pmnes, ripe cloves, and oil of anise seed. Pern and Tolu balsams contain benzyl benzoate the latter contains free benzoic acid as well. The urine of herbivorous animals contains a small proportion of the glycine derivative of benzoic acid, hippuric acid [495-69-2] (CgH CONHCH2COOH). So-called natural benzoic acid is not known to be available as an item of commerce. 

Phenyl-2-propenoic acid [621 -82-9] commonly referred to as cinnamic acid, is a white crystalline soHd having a low intensity sweet, honeylike aroma. It has been identified as a principal constituent in the botanical exudates from Styrax IJquidamber orientalis) Benzoin Styrax ben in Pern Balsam [Myroxylon pereirae and Tolu Balsam (]Ayro>ylon balsamum) (4,5). In these, as well as numerous other natural products, it exists both as the free acid and in the form of one or more of its esters, as for example, methyl cinnamate, ben2yl cinnamate [103 1 -3] and cinnamyl cinnamate. 

Manufacture. A limited, amount of natural cinnamyl alcohol is produced by the alkaline hydrolysis of the cinnamyl cinnamate present in Styrax Oil. Thus treatment of the essential oil with alcohoHc potassium hydroxide Hberates cinnamyl alcohol of reasonable purity which is then subjected to distillation. This product is sometimes preferred in fine fragrance perfumery because it contains trace impurities that have a rounding effect in finished formulations. 

Plastrit or piastrotyl. Plastic expls patented in 1906 by C.E. Bichel. They were prepd by mixing 85—87p of TNT with liq and/or solid resins (such as copaiba, balsam, benzoin gum, styrax, turpentine, etc), and collodion cotton, with or without liq DNT Refs 1) Colver (1918), 249 2) PATR 2510... 

Storax Probably from Styrax officinalis plants Moldenke and Moldenke (1952)... 

Natural resins Pine resins, sandarac, copals, mastic, dammar, amber, frankincense, benzoe, styrax, myrrh, (plant resins) shellac (animal resin) tar and pitch (from thermal treatment of plant resins or wood) Varnishes, coatings, waterproofing materials, paint binders, ingredients of cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations... 

Benzoe resin (also known as benzoin) comes from Styrax spp. (Styraceae family). In the Sty rax genus the only species that occurs in the Mediterranean is Styrax officinalis, so this was probably the source of the resin in ancient times in that area. Benzoe mainly contains free cinnamic and benzoic acids, and their corresponding esters with cinnamyl, p-coumaryl and coniferyl alcohols. The amounts of these compounds are quite variable and depend on which species the resin was obtained from [129]. 

Styracitol, or 1,5-anhydro-D-mannitol (XLI), discovered in Styrax Obassia Sieb. et Zucc. by Asahina45 and subsequently synthesized by... 

Polyvinyl benzene or styrene is the simplest Aromatic hydrocarbon which can be polymerised. Styrene was obtained by steam distillation of resin from the tree Styrax officinalis. In 1920s Staudinger gave the name styrene. Patent for polymerisation of styrene was taken out in 1911 by Matthews. 

Styrene occurs naturally in benzoin, rosemary, sweetgum, cassia. Oriental styrax, and Peru balsam (Duke, 1992). Identified as one of 140 volatile constituents in used soybean oils collected from a processing plant that fried various beef, chicken, and veal products (Takeoka et al., 1996). 

Benzoe Siam resinoid is obtained by solvent extraction of the resin from Styrax tonkinensis (Pierre) Craib ex Hartwich trees (Styracaceae). The wild growing Styrax tree is widespread in Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. 

Styrax oil and styrax resinoid are obtained from styrax balsam, which is collected from the artiflcially injured trees, Liquidamber orientalis Mill. (Asia Minor) and L. styraciflua L. (Central America) (Hamamelidaceae). 

Styrax resinoid is a light grey to dark grey-brown viscous liquid that is prepared by solvent extraction. It has a sweet balsamic, slightly grass-like odor and is used in perfumery as a fixative. 

Steam distillation of the balsam gives styrax oil, a light yellow liquid that contains a relatively large amount of cinnamic acid, which partially crystallizes [783]. Styrax oil has a sweet-balsamic odor with a styrene-like top note. It is used in perfumery in flowery compositions, [8024-01-9], [94891-27-7], [94891-28-8]. 

Styrax suberifolus Hook, et Amott. Hong Pi (root, leaf)55 No information is available in the literature. Stomachache, pain caused by arthritis. 

Styrax tonkinensis Pierre. S. benzoin Dryand An Xi Xian (Styrax) (leaf) Sumaresinolic acid, coniferyl cinnamate, styracin, vanillin, alpha-phenylpropyl cinnamyl cinnamate, balsamic acid.33-50 As an aromatic stimulant, for aphrodisiac, an astringent. 

N.A. Styrax benzoin Dryander Cinnamic, benzoic, sumaresinolic acid esters, benzoic acid, benzaldehyde, vanillin.99 Antiseptic, astringent. Externally for wounds and ulcers, internally to settle cramps, stimulate coughing, disinfect the urinary tract. 

Daucus carota, Elettaria cardamomum, Ledum palustre, Thymus vulgaris Rorippa indica, R. islandica, R. montana Styrax tonkinensis, S. benzoin... 

Chelidonium album, C. hybridum, C. majus, C. serotinum Styrax tonkinensis, S. benzoin Cynomorium coccineum, C. songarium... 

Arisaema consanguineum, Citrus aurantium, Paeonia lactiflora, P. lactiflora, P. albiflora, P. sujfruticosa, Rubus chamaemorus, Scutellaria baicalensis, S. macrantha, S. lateriflora, Styrax benzoin, S. benzoin Aconitum carmichaelii, A. napellus Centaurium erythraea Lysimachia vulgaris Erythroxylum coca Dianthus caryophyllus Berberis vulgaria... 

Citrus aurantium, Liquidambar orientalis, L. styraciflua, Lycium barbarum, L. pallidum, Populus alba, Rheum officinale, R. palmatum, R. tanguticum, Styrax benzoin Blumea balsumifera Liquidambar orientalis, L. styraciflua Erythroxylum coca Cissampelos pareira... 

Ananas comosus, Eucalyptus citriodora, E. globulus, Matteuccia struthiopteris, Phragmites australis, Spiraea ulmaria, Styrax benzoin, Tilia cordata, T europaea Centella asiatica... 

Aromatic herbs that open the orifices, expel wind-heat or wind-cold and promote Qi movement should be used in relatively small doses these include Bing Pian [Bomeol), Su He Xiang [Styrax),... 

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