Coniferyl benzoate

In birds, the trigeminal nerve appears to play a role in food selection. Starlings more easily accepted commercial feed treated with otherwise avoided coniferyl benzoate after bilateral section of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve. Therefore, the trigeminal nerve may help to protect the animal by detecting plant defense compounds. Many of these compounds are astringent or irritating (Jakubas and Mason, 1991). 

An example of more complex phenolics is coniferyl benzoate (F ig. 11.2), which inhibits feeding in birds (Jakubas etal, 1989), as discussed below. It binds to skin proteins and dietary proteins. 

It has been suggested that metabolites resulting from detoxification of plant compounds such as ferulic acid, a detoxification by-product of coniferyl benzoate and analogous compounds, may interfere with reproduction. However, experiments have shown that coniferyl benzoate in the diet of Japanese quail [Coturnix coturnix) had no hormonal effects. Rather, costs of detoxication and reduced nutrient utilization deter wild birds such as ruffed grouse, Bonasa umbel-lus, from feeding (Jakubas etal, 1993). 

Quaking aspen Populus tremuloides Scales of flower buds Ruffed grouse Bonasa sp. Coniferyl benzoate Jakubas etal., 1989... 

Jakubas, W. J. and Gullion, G. W. (1990). Coniferyl benzoate in quaking aspen a ruffed grouse feeding deterrent. Journal of Chemical Ecology 16,1077-1087. 

Jakubas, W. J. and Mason, J. R. (1991). Role of avian trigeminal sensory system in detecting coniferyl benzoate, a plant allelochemical. Journal of Chemical Ecology 17, 2213-2221. 

Hausen BM, Simatupang T, Bruhn G, Evers P, Koenig WA. Identification of new allergenic constituents and proof of evidence for coniferyl benzoate in balsam of Peru. Am J Contact Dermatitis 1995 6 199-208. 

As has been shown by Quest International [31], lipoxygenases also accept a relatively broad spectrum of phenolic compounds as substrates. Of interest to the flavour industry are the lipoxygenase-catalyzed conversions of isoeugenol and coniferyl benzoate from Siam resin to vanillin (4-15% peld. Fig. 7.12). At present, the commercialization of these biotransformations is hampered by the... 

Benzoin, or gum benzoin, is a resinous secretion obtained from cuts made in the trunk or branches of the Styrax benzoin tree. It contains coniferyl benzoate, benzoic acid, benzyl cinnamate, vanillin (a phenol aldehyde) and a number of triterpenes. ... 

Coniferyl Alcohol, 4-(3-Hydroxy l-propenyl -2-mthoxyphetfOl 3 (4 hydroxy 3 methoxyphenyt)-2-propen-1 -of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy cinnamic alcohol y-hydroxyisoeu-eenol. Ci8H.2Oj mol wt 180.20. C 66.65%, H 6.7 l%> O 26.64%. In benzoin, especially Siam benzoin, as coniferyl benzoate (up to 78%) Reinitzer, Arch. Pharm. 264, 131... 

Gum Benzoin. Resin benzoin resin benjamin gum benjamin. Balsamic resin from Styrax benzoin Dryand., known as Sumatra benzoin, or from S. tonkinensis (Pierre) Craib, Styracaceae, or other species of Styrax known as Siam benzoin. Habit. Thailand, Cambodia, S. Vietnam, Sumatra, Java, and Sunda Islands. Constit. Ethereal oil, free and combined benzoic and cinnamic acids up to 39%, vanillin, coniferyl benzoate, resin (a mixture of benzoresino] and ben-zoresinotannol) ester fled with benzoic acid, styrol, styradn. Not less than 90% of Siam and not less than 75% of Sumatra benzoic is sol in ale (U.S.F.), Ref Reinitzer, Arch. Pharm. 264, 131 (1926) Brans, Pharm. Weekbl. 73, 374 (1936) Freudenberg, Bittner, Ber. 83, 600 (1950). 

The major constituents of Sumatra benzoin are p-coumaryl cinnamate, cinnamic acid, cinnamyl cinnamate (styracin), p-coumaryl benzoate, pinoresinol, benzoic acid, coniferyl cinnamate, and coniferyl benzoate. The major constituents of Siam benzoin are p-coumaryl benzoate, benzoic acid, pinoresinol, cinnamic... 

Available data indicate jasmine absolute to be nonirritating, nonsensitizing, and nonphoto-toxic. However, allergenic components of the absolute have been characterized as con-iferyl acetate and coniferyl benzoate. ... 

Main constituents are coniferyl benzoate, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, benzoresinyl benzoate, vanillin and styrene. B. Siam lends long-lasting richness and sweetness to floral, oriental and chypie-type ( odor description) - fragrances and is widely used in colognes and fragrances for cosmetics and body-wash products. 

---