Cherry, black

Benzoic acid in the free state, or in the form of simple derivatives such as salts, esters, and amides, is widely distributed in nature. Gum benzoin (from styrax ben in) may contain as much as 20% benzoic acid in the free state or in combinations easily broken up by heating. Acaroid resin (from anthorrhoca haslilis) contains from 4.5 to 7%. Smaller amounts of the free acid are found in natural products including the scent glands of the beaver, the bark of the black cherry tree, cranberries, pmnes, ripe cloves, and oil of anise seed. Pern and Tolu balsams contain benzyl benzoate the latter contains free benzoic acid as well. The urine of herbivorous animals contains a small proportion of the glycine derivative of benzoic acid, hippuric acid [495-69-2] (CgH CONHCH2COOH). So-called natural benzoic acid is not known to be available as an item of commerce. 

Anthocyanins from apples, cranberries, black chokeberries, - blackberries of an unknown cultivar, - highbush blueberries, - - Vaccinium padifolium blueberries, cv. Balaton black cherries, and black lentils" contained arabi-nose. This pentose was not found in any of the vegetables presented in Table 4.3.3. Even less widespread is xylose, found in Red Delicious apple cultivars, black chokeberries, different cultivars of blackberries, evergreen blackberries, red currants, Vaccinium padifolium blueberries, different cultivars of red rasp-berry, - - and black carrots. " ... 

Swain E, LI CP, Poulton JE. 1992. Development of the potential for cyanogenesis in maturing black cherry (Primus serotina Ehrh.) lfuits. Plant Physiol (BETHESDA) 98(4) 1423-1428. 

Source Naturally occurs in cranberries, ligonberries (1,360 ppm), peppermint leaves (20-200 ppb), tea leaves, cassia bark, carob, blessed thistle, purple foxglove, jasmine, hyacinth, apples, tobacco leaves, daffodils, autumn crocus, prunes, anise seeds, ripe cloves, and wild black cherry tree bark (Duke, 1992 quoted, Verschueren, 1983). 

On most areas, new fast-growing stands of black cherry, red maple... 

Young black cherry seedlings are present beneath the crowns of the widely spaced overstory trees, but they live only a few years and grow an average of only 3 or 4 cm per year. 

In a series of field and greenhouse experiments, a number of possible sources of Interference with black cherry growth were eliminated or shown to have minimal effect. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) undoubtedly played a role in the establishment of orchard stands, but they are not responsible for their maintenance. About 30% of the seedlings we marked were clipped, whether or not they were protected with wire cages. The clipping characteristics were those of small mammals, not deer. 

Results of these experiments showed that most concentrations of fern, goldenrod, and aster foliage extract caused significant reductions in the germination of black cherry seed. Grass extract inhibited germination at the lowest concentration, but not a higher concentrations. 

How do these ground cover plants, particularly the ferns, cause such strong interference with the establishment of black cherry seedlings Previous research at our laboratory has shown that black cherry seedling growth can be modulated by supplies of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus (15), water (16), light (16,... 

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