Peptide cationic

Bronchial Asthma. Figure 2 Mechanisms of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Toxic products from eosinophils [cationic peptides, reactive oxygen species (ROS)] cause epithelial injury. Nerve endings become easily accessible to mediators from mast cells, eosinophils [eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN)], and neutrophils, and to airborne toxicants such as S02. Activation of nerve endings stimulates effector cells like mucosal glands and airway smooth muscle either directly or by cholinergic reflexes. 

Recently the use of another bifunctional reagent, glutaraldehyde, has been described for the stabilization of DNA complexes with cationic peptide CWK18 [104]. The authors of this paper, however, limited the study to the protective effects toward nuclease degradation. 

EDTA Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid ako known as etidronic acid EE Eosinophilic eosinophils EEG Electroencephalogram EET Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid EFA Essential fatty acid EFS Electrical field stimulation EGl Monoclonal antibody specific for the cleaved form of eosinophil cationic peptide... 

Peptides have been used for the delivery of gene-based drugs. Several rationales have been utilized. Cationic peptides are used to neutralize the charges of DNA or oligonucleotide. These peptides include polylysines and polyarginines [241,244,245]. They form complexes with DNA or oligonucleotide, thereby resulting in enhanced cellular uptake. 

Roux, B. 1993. Non-additivity in Cation-peptide Interactions. A Molecular Dynamics and Ab Initio Study of Na+ in the Gramicidin Channel. Chem. Phys. Letters 212,231-240. 

Wyman TB, Nicol F, Zelphati O, ScariaPV, Plank C, Szoka FC (1997) Design, synthesis, and characterization of a cationic peptide that binds to nucleic acids and permeabilizes bilayers. Biochemistry 36 3008-3017... 

Pecheur El, et al. Membrane fusion induced by 11-mer anionic and cationic peptides a structure-function study. Biochemistry 1998 37 2361. 

Tecle M, Preuss M, Miller AD. Kinetic study of DNA condensation by cationic peptides used in nonviral gene therapy analogy of DNA condensation to protein folding. Biochemistry 2003 42 10343-10347. 

Third, that virtually every cationic peptide sequence possesses some degree of antimicrobial activity in vitro suggests that this activity may be a general phenomenon associated with all peptides rather than solely to host defense peptides. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that a threshold amount of hydrophobicity and/or cationicity are sufficient to bestow antimicrobial activity within a peptide. ... 

Host defense peptides are ubiquitous in nature and have been found in every living organism that has been examined for their presence. These short, amphipathic cationic peptides are multifaceted host defense... 

Plant defensins are cystine-rich, cationic peptides ranging in size from 45 to 54 amino acids, of which eight are cysteine. They were first discovered in wheat and barley ° and were proposed to form a novel subclass of thionins, the 7-thionins. As it became clear that they closely resemble mammalian and insect defensins in primary and secondary structure, the term plant defensins was introduced to describe these peptides. It is generally assumed that all plants express plant defensins " and that they are expressed in a wide range of plant tissue, that is, leaves, floral tissue,tubers,bark, root, pods, and seeds,with seeds in particular being from where most plant defensins have been isolated. ... 

Sader HS, Fedler KA, Rennie RP, Stevens S, Jones RN. (2004) Omiganan pentahydrochloride (MBI 226), a topical 12-amino-acid cationic peptide Spectrum of antimicrobial activity and measurements of bactericidal activity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48 3112-3118. 

Several other synthetic cationic peptides containing either lysyl or arginyl residues are also superior replacements for cationic polymers in condensing pDNA... 

Fominaya, J., Gasset, M., Garcia, R., Roncal, F., Albar, J.P. and Bemad, A. (2000) An optimized amphiphilic cationic peptides as an efficient non-viral gene delivery vector. J. Gene Med., 2, 455 164. 

Murata, M., Takahashi, S., Kagiwada, S., Suzuki, A. and Ohnishi, S. (1992) pH-dependent membrane fusion and vesiculation of phospholipid large unilamellar vesicles induced by amphiphilic anionic and cationic peptides. 

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