Storage tanks connections

Liquid nitrogen is shipped and stored in large insulated liquid/gas tanks (see Sec. 6.2.10). To dispense liquid nitrogen out of the large insulated storage tank, connect a metal tube to the liquid valve on the tank. Then place a receiving vessel over the end of the tube, and open the liquid port valve until the desired amount is obtained (see Fig. 6.8). 

The Ya" NPT female end of this fitting is then attached to the flexible metal hose with swivel male fitting after you thread seal and tape. The hose part number is in the storage tank connections section on page 225. 

Safety Considerations Design and location of storage tanks, vents, piping, and connections are specified by state fire marshals, underwriters codes, and local ordinances. In NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, 1993 (published by the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Mass.), liquid petroleum fuels are classified as follows for safety in handhng ... 

A cathode cable is adequate for the return path of the protection current for individual storage tanks. In pumping stations with several storage tanks, each tank must be provided with a cable connection. If the tanks are connected to each other by electrical connections, then two cathode cable connections must be provided [2]. 

At the relatively low protection current density of 200 llA m and with the anode positioned on one side, it is to be expected that with this storage tank sufficient reduction in potential would be achieved on the other side of the tank from the anode. The off potential was measured using a measurement point at a depth of about 2 m as f/cu-cuso4 = -0.88 V at the tank. At the other side of the tank as well as above it, off potentials of-0.90 to -0.94 V were found. These potentials were measured with a protection current of 10 mA (anode 1 6 mA, anode 2 4 mA) with an additional resistance of 8 Q in the protection current circuit (see Fig. 11-2). With a direct connection between the tank and the group of magnesium anodes, the initial current was about 16 mA, which after 1 h of polarization decreased to about 14 mA. The reserve current, based on a long-term current of 10 mA, amounted to ca. 40% in the operation of the cathodic protection installation. 

The facility stores ammonia to supply nearby fertilizer manufacturers. It is transported to the plant by ship, transferred and stored in the tank for transfer as needed. The facility mainly consists of a storage tank, a refrigeration system, a control system, and a pipe connecting the tank with the plants. Ammonia is transported and stored as a refrigerated liquid (-33 C) at atmospheric pressure. 

Canister-type adsorbers differ from fixed-bed units in that they are normally limited to the removal of low-volume, intermittent gas streams, such as storage-tank vent gases. Process economics usually dictate whether regenera-ble or throw-away canisters are appropriate. Each canister unit consists of a vessel, adsorbent, fan (not always necessary), inlet connection and distributor, and an outlet connection for the purified gas. The disadvantage in using canisters is that poor operating efficiencies result if the adsorber becomes saturated. Because the adsorber will probably be disposed of, there is a temptation to operate it until the adsorber is saturated. Unlike fixed-bed units, the concentration of the outlet gases is not usually monitored. ... 

Flame arresters on outdoor reactors, storage tanks, and process vessels may be of the in-line, deflagration type with a short vent pipe connected in... 

A credible spill for Catastrophic Loss Potential. For a catastrophic loss potential, the spill size should be based on the contents of vessels or connected vessel train. The existence of shutoff valves between vessels should not be considered. In addition, the catastrophic failure of major storage tanks should be considered. Leaks in pipelines carrying materials of concern from large-capacity, off-site, remote storage facilities must be considered. For this purpose, it must be assumed that the pipeline is completely severed and that the spill will run for 30 minutes. 

In a resin plant, solvents were directed from storage tanks to a blender by means of solvent charging manifold. Because of the poor panel layout and labeling of the charging manifold, a worker made connections that pumped solvent to blender 21A instead of 12A as directed by the instructions. An earlier error had left the valve open from the charging manifold to blender 21A and hence the misdirected solvent degraded a batch already in the blender (this example will be analyzed in more detail in Chapter 7). 

In 1909 one company began selling solar water heaters with separate collectors and insulated storage tanks. The collectors were made of copper tubing soldered to a copper plate in a glass covered box. The hot water was transferred to the storage tank by thermosyphon action, so the insulated tank had to be installed above the collector, typically in the attic or on the roof It was often connected to an auxiliary heater on the stove or furnace to supplement solar... 

Solar water heating declined in Southern California in the 1920s due to the development of natural gas, but it continued in Florida where natural gas was very expensive. In 1941 more than half Miami s population had solar water heaters, and more than 80 percent of new homes built then were equipped with solar water heaters. By the end of the 1950s in Florida, solar water heating was displaced by electricity as the price dropped and the storage tanks of solar water heaters failed because of galvanic corrosion from connecting steel tanks to copper collectors. 

In larger vertical storage tanks containing residual fuels, bottom inlet filling may sometimes be used. A non-return valve must be fitted in the filling line as close to the tank as possible. The entry position of the filling pipe into the tank in relation to the position of the draw-off connection must be carefully selected to avoid air entrainment into the oil-handling system. 

Capacities of storage tanks are at ieast 1.5 times the size of connecting transportation equipment for instance, 7500 gai tank trucks, 34,500 gai tank cars, and virtuaiiy uniimited barge and tanker capacities. 

Two natural gas storage tanks, with volumes of 1.5 X 10 and 2.2 X 10 L, are at the same temperature. The tanks are connected by pipes that equalize their pressures. What fraction of the stored natural gas Is In the larger tank ... 

An alternate system, one based on gravity, requires penetration of both the FML and clay components of the secondary composite liner system. It also requires a monitoring and collection manhole on the opposite side of the landfill cell. The manhole and connecting pipe, however, become an underground storage tank that needs its own secondary containment and LDSs. 

---