Dispensers, liquid

The Dafert pipette (Fig. 3.2 Section 3.11) is a convenient apparatus for dispensing fixed volumes of a standard solution, as are also the various liquid dispensers which are available. 

Typically, tablets are fed to the bodies through a tube and are simply released in the required number as the body passes beneath. Pumpable liquid fills are dosed by conventional liquid-dispensing devices. 

A very versatile piece of equipment that is affordable for individual laboratories is the microplate reader. This allows multiple samples to be analyzed at once, commonly in a 96-well format, although 384- and 1536-well formats are available. Typical measurements that can be performed include UV-Vis absorbance, fluorescence, or luminescence, allowing a range of assays to be performed, such as cell growth, enzyme kinetics, enzyme stability, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [60-62]. Functionality can be increased by the use of liquid dispensing systems or automatic plate handling. 

Consider again the flammable liquid dispensing room of Example 9-7. In this case the walls have been reinforced to withstand a pressure of 0.4 bar (Pred). Assume that the vent will operate at 0.2 bar (Pstat) and that the KG of the vapor is 100 bar-m/s. Estimate the vent area required to protect this enclosure. 

Hsieh, H.B., Fitch, J., White, D., Torres, F., Roy, J., Matusiak, R., Krivacic, B., Kowalski, B., Bruce, R., and Elrod, S., Ultra-high-throughput microarray generation and liquid dispensing using multiple disposable piezoelectric ejectors, /. Biomol. Screen., 9, 85, 2004. 

Addition of reagents to more than four 384-well plates is greatly expedited by the use of a semi-automated liquid-dispensing system such as the MicroFill Microplate Dispenser (BioTek Winooski, VT). 

Flammability of Liquids, No. 340, Underwriters Laboratories Northbrook, 111., 1972 Flame Arresters, No. 525, 1973 Flammable Liquid Dispensing, No. 1238,1975 Group Classification of Flammable Liquids and Gases, Test Report MH8593, 67C2889,1967. 

The three-way valve is then switched to allow liquid dispensing. When the desired quantity of liquid has been removed from the cylinder, the cylinder is closed and the three-way valve switched back to inert gas, so that the needle is purged by inert gas before it is removed from the reaction flask. 

One-step or multistep one-pot reactions are often compatible with a solution-phase approach. This enables simpler reaction monitoring and reduces automation needs to relatively cheap 96-well liquid dispensers (low impact on capital budgets ). 

In the workflow used in this program (Fig. 1.3) primary screening is carried out in wafer format. The libraries are synthesized from soluble metal precursors using specialized library design software [8] and liquid-dispensing robots in a ter-... 

For many applications, commercial solutions for automated materials preparation are at hand. Basic unit operations like solid handling or liquid dispensing can often be performed with currently available technologies. This leads to a straightforward translation of preparative sequences that are necessary for making... 

Multichannel pipettor or automated liquid dispenser for filling 384-well plates. Examples of relatively inexpensive dispensers that work well for filling plates include the Multidrop dispenser (Titertek, Huntsville, AL) or the Precision 2000 (Bio-Tek, Winooski, VT). 

Dispense 50 pL of cell suspension into each well of a white 384-well plate using a multichannel pipettor or an automated liquid dispenser. This will result in a final concentration of 10,000 cells per well. 

Dispense 30 pL of DMEM into each well using a liquid dispenser. 

A large part of optimizing analytical setups involves removing the main bottleneck that is slowing down the entire process. Often, several iterations are required in which the bottleneck is shifted back and forth between the reactor and analytical technique before an optimum is found. This optimization can also be performed on the synthetic side of the problem, with the utilization of automated liquid dispensing and sample handling systems. Unfortunately, the end point of this endeavor is often determined by purely monetary considerations. 

All the solutions which are necessary to form an equilateral triangular llxllxll, 61-element ternary phase diagram were prepared automatically by a liquid dispensing machine. Mixtures with compositions of each component ranged from 0 to 100% in 10% increments. On the 3 in quartz wafer used, 144 wells form a 12 x 12 square grid for the catalyst spots. Each of these elements has a diameter of 3 mm. The whole array is calcined at 500 °C for 12 h and subsequently for an additional 12 h at 800 °C under a 6% H2 in argon atmosphere [80],... 

Multidrop (Titertek Instmments Huntsville, Alabama) liquid dispensers were used to add the enzyme solution to the compound plate, followed by the substrate,... 

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