Steep liquor

Corn starch [9005-25-6] Corn steep liquor Corn stover Corn sugar Corn sweetener Corn sweeteners Corn syrup... 

The following process description is taken from U.S. Patent 2,987,449. An appropriate S. aureofaciens strain such as mutant S1308 (ATCC No. 12,748) is grown aerobically in a suitable inoculum medium. A typical medium used to grow the primary inoculum is prepared according to the following formula sucrose, 20.0 g corn steep liquor, 16.5 ml ammonium sulfate, 2.0 g calcium carbonate, 7.0 g and water to 1,000 ml. 

Soybean meal Cornstarch Corn steep liquor Sodium nitrate... 

Corn starch, g/l CaCOs, g/l (NH4)jS04, g/l NH4CI, g/l FeS04 7H20, mg/l IVInS04 4H20, mg/l ZnS04-7H2 0, mg/l CoCIj OHjO, mg/l Corn steep liquor, g/l Cottonseed meal, g/l Lard oil, % v/v... 

Bacterium PenicHHum patulum Corn steep liquor... 

Fe" (2 ppm), casein hydrolyzate (0.2 g/dl), yeast extract (0.2 g/dl), corn steep liquor (0.2 ml/dl), polypeptone (0.1 g/dl), meat extract (0.1 g/dl) and sodium ribonucleate (10 mg/dl) were poured into respective test tubes and each tube was sterilized at 115°C for 10 minutes. Thereafter separately sterilized calcium carbonate was added in the amount of 2 g/dl and then cells of Bacillus subtUis S26910 were Inoculated into the above media and cultured with shaking at 30°C for 20 hours. 

The yield was highest with starch or dextrin, intermediate and about the same with sucrose, glucose, maltose and lactose and poorest with glycerol. Kanamycin was produced by media containing soybean meal, peanut meal, cottonseed meal, corn steep liquor, peptone, yeast extract or meat extract, with or without sodium nitrate. Commercially available soybean meal was recognized to be one of the best nitrogen sources. The addition of corn steep liquor, peptone, yeast extract or nitrate to the soybean meal promoted the production of kanamycin. 

The following process description is taken from U.S. Patent 2,897,218. Six 100-ml portions of a medium in 250-ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 1% glucose, 2% corn steep liquor (60% solids) and tap water was adjusted to a pH of 4.9. This medium was sterilized for 45 minutes at 15 psi pressure and inoculated with a one to two day growth of Septomyxa affinis ATCC 6737. The Erlenmeyer flasks were shaken at room temperature at about 24°C for a period of 3 days. 

At the end of this period, this 600-ml volume was used as an inoculum for ten liters of the same glucose-corn steep liquor medium which in addition contained 10 ml of an antifoam (a mixture of lard oil and octadecanol). The fermentor was placed into the water bath, adjusted to 28°C, and the contents stirred (300 rpm) and aerated (0.5 liter air/10 liters beer). After 17 hours of incubation, when a good growth developed and the acidity rose to pH 6.7, 2 g of 6a-methylhydrocortisone plus 1 g of 3-ketobisnor-4-cholen-22-al, dissolved in 115 ml of dimethylformamide, was added and the incubation (conversion) carried out at the same temperature and aeration for 24 hours (final pH 7.9). 

The Fermentation Process The process by which this antifungal substance is produced is an aerobic fermentation of an aquaous nutrient medium inoculated with a pimaricin-producing strain of Streptomycesgihrosporeus. The nutrient medium contains an assimilable source of carbon such as starch, molasses, or glycerol, an assimilable source of nitrogen such as corn steep liquor and Inorganic cations such as potassium, sodium or calcium, and anions such as sulfate, phosphate or chloride. Trace elements such as boron, molybdenum or copper are supplied as needed in the form of impurities by the other constituents of the medium. 

Nitrogen sources include proteins, such as casein, zein, lactalbumin protein hydrolyzates such proteoses, peptones, peptides, and commercially available materials, such as N-Z Amine which is understood to be a casein hydrolyzate also corn steep liquor, soybean meal, gluten, cottonseed meal, fish meal, meat extracts, stick liquor, liver cake, yeast extracts and distillers solubles amino acids, urea, ammonium and nitrate salts. Such inorganic elements as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium and chlorides, sulfates, phosphates and combinations of these anions and cations in the form of mineral salts may be advantageously used in the fermentation. 

Bacterium Cylindrocarpon radicola Corn steep liquor Brown sugar... 

Fumaric acid can be produced in high yield by several genera of fungi, notably Aspergillus and Rhizopus, using glucose, com steep liquor and other substrates. Large amounts of caldum carbonate have to be added to neutralise the fumaric add. 

The subsequent advance was rather fortuitous and rested more with serendipity than with scientific logic. A search was made for cheaper more effective replacements for casein hydrolysate. Amongst the tested materials was com steep liquor (CSL). CSL is a by-product of the manufacture of starch from maize kemals. Whole maize is incubated in warm water, at 50°C acidified with SO2. Thermophilic bacteria hydrolyse proteins and other components of the kemals, thereby loosening the starch granules. These are removed, leaving behind the steep liquor which is used to treat further maize kemals. Ultimately, the liquor is too viscous to re-use and the liquor is concentrated and used as cattle feed. It was this material that was used for penicillin fermentation. Surprisingly, the yield of penicillin increased by a further 5-10 fold giving yields of 50-100 ig ml. 

One of the commercial methods for production of lysine consists of a two-stage process using two species of bacteria. The carbon sources for production of amino acids are corn, potato starch, molasses, and whey. If starch is used, it must be hydrolysed to glucose to achieve higher yield. Escherichia coli is grown in a medium consisting of glycerol, corn-steep liquor and di-ammonium phosphate under aerobic conditions, with temperature and pH controlled. 

E. coli can easily grow on corn steep liquor with phosphate buffer for an incubation period of 3 days. Lysine is an essential amino acid for the nutrition of humans, which is used as a... 

Molasses, corn steep liquor, waste product from sugar industry, and wet milling com are used for the production of penicillin... 

In the manufacture of baker s yeast, the stock strain is inoculated into a medium that containing molasses and com steep liquor. The pH of the medium is adjusted to be slightly acidic at pH 4-5. The acidic pH may retard the bacterial growth. The inoculated medium is aerated during the incubation period. At the end, the cells are harvested by centrifuging out the fermentation broth, and they are recovered by filter press. A small amount of vegetable oil is added to act as plasticiser, and then the cell mass is moulded into blocks. The process is shown in Figure 1.2. 

Corn steep liquor contains 2.5% invert sugars and 50% water. The rest of the feed is considered as residual solids. Beet molasses containing 50% sucrose, 1% invert sugar, 18% water and remainder solids are mixed with corn steep liquor in a mixing tank. Water is added to produce a diluted mixture with 2% invert sugar, 125 kg com steep hquor and 45 kg molasses, which is fed into an enzymatic hydrolysis tank. 

A flow diagram for diluting carbohydrates, com steep liquor and molasses in the mixing tank is shown in Figure 9.4. 

Xylans from beech wood, corncobs, and the alkaline steeping liquor of the viscose process have been shown to be applicable as pharmaceutical auxiliaries [3]. Micro- and nanoparticles were prepared by a coacervation method from xylan isolated from corncobs [150]. The process is based on neutralization of an alkaline solution in the presence of surfactant, which was shown to influence both the particle size and morphology. They are aimed at applications in drug delivery systems. 

Media name Soybean meal-glucose [26] Malt extract [58] Com Steep Liquor [62]... 

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