Septomyxa affinis

Bacterium Septomyxa affinis Acetic anhydride Hydrogen chloride... 

Fluoro-l 13,17ot-Dihydroxy-21-Acetoxy-1,4-Pregnadiene-3,20-Dione A medium consisting of 1% dextrose hydrate, 2% cornsteep liquor of 60% solids and Kalamazoo tap water was adjusted to pH 4.9 with sodium hydroxide. The medium was steam sterilized at 15 pounds pressure for 30 minutes, cooled, and then inoculated with a 24-hour growth, from spores, of Septomyxa affinis, ATCC 6737. The medium was agitated, sparged with sterile air at the rate of one-tenth volume of air per volume of medium per minute. At the end of 24 hours of fermentation at room temperature, the pH was about 7.4. 

Bacterium Septomyxa affinis Corn steep liquor... 

The following process description is taken from U.S. Patent 2,897,218. Six 100-ml portions of a medium in 250-ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 1% glucose, 2% corn steep liquor (60% solids) and tap water was adjusted to a pH of 4.9. This medium was sterilized for 45 minutes at 15 psi pressure and inoculated with a one to two day growth of Septomyxa affinis ATCC 6737. The Erlenmeyer flasks were shaken at room temperature at about 24°C for a period of 3 days. 

Immobilized microot ganisms, in particular Arthrobacter simplex and Nocardia rhodocrous, and fungal spores, in particular those from Septomyxa affinis, can also be used to effect dehydrogenations. Dehy-( genations may also be advantageously carried out in the presence of hydiXKaibon solvents, for example the conversion of 6a-methylhydrocortisone (62) to 6a-methylpredisolone (63 equation 20) with Arthrobacter simplex ... 

Sclareol, a natural product first isolated from the essential oil of Salvia sclarea L. (Labiatae) in 1931, is used for diverse applications in the perfumery and flavoring industries and in folk medicine. This diterpene has been described recently to be hydroxylated by three strains, i.e. Cunninghamella sp., Septomyxa affinis 66 and Mucor plumbeus 67, 68, leading essentially to hydroxylation reactions on the A ring of this compound (Fig. 16.1-12). Some of these metabolites could be used for further synthesis of some biologically active targets or as mammalian metabolism models. 

Micromonospora purpurea Gentamicin sulfate Micromonospora sagamiensis Micro nomicin Penicillium bacterium Penicillin 0 Penicillium patulum Griseofulvin Pseudomonas bacterium Salicylic acid Semliki Forest arborvirus Interferon Septomyxa affinis Fluprednisolone Methylprednisolone Sporidiobolus ruinenli Ubidecarenone Streptococcus fecalis Floxuridine... 

In some instances it has been proved that microorganisms produce enzymes for the transformation of steroids in response to a steroidal enzyme inducer contained in, or added to, the medium. Septomyxa affinis has been shown by Murray and Sebek (M-647) and Kbepsell (K-456) to produce its 1-dehydrc enase best in the presence of 3-ketobisnor-4-cholen-22-al. This inducer did not, however, induce the enzyme(s) responsible for the Baeyer-Villi er type reaction which S. affirds is also known to cause. 

These proposals are very satisfying in many ways. An obstacle, however, to the extension of the proposed mechanism to aU microbiological dehydrogenation of 3-ketosteroids at the 1-position is the work of Fonken and Murray (F-253). They showed that the 20-ketal of 5/3-pregnane-3,ll,20-trione is dehydrogenated at the 1-position by Septomyxa affinis. Either the illustrated 3-keto-5 -pregnane (I) enolizes abnormally... 

After the discovery of prednisone and prednisolone through the use of Coryne-bacterium simplex (N-671) with cortisone and hydrocortisone, respectively, many 1-dehydrogenatii cultures were described. Among the most significant of these were Bacillus sphaericus (S-942), Bacterium cyclo-oxydans (K-480),and Septomyxa affinis (M-573), ill of which have been or are being used for the manufacture of antiinflammatory steroids. 

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