Beet molasses

Beet sugar molasses Beet-sugar syrup Behavior modification Behenic acid [112-85-6]... 

Fermentation Feedstock. Sucrose, in the form of beet or cane molasses, is a fermentation feedstock for production of a variety of organic compounds, including lactic, glutamic, and citric acids, glycerol, and some antibiotics. Lesser amounts of itaconic, aconitic, and kojic acids, as well as acetone and butanol, are also produced (41,51—53). Rum is made by fermentation of cane molasses. Beet and cane molasses are used for production of baker s and brewer s yeast (qv). 

Selection of raw materials is essential for economic amino acid produaion in general. According to a decentralized biorefinery concept amino acid producers are often located close to sugar or starch plants in order to decrease transport costs. Depending on geographical location of the manufacturing plant carbon sources like cane molasses, beet molasses, or starch hydrolysates from corn, potato, or cassava are used. While molasses are... 

The main carbohydrate feedstocks are hexose sugars and poly- or disaccharides, usually derived from com syrups, molasses, beet extracts, whey, and all kinds of starches. Glucose and sucrose are the potential resources covering a wide range of applications ( er et al., 2010 Martinez et al., 2013). Moreover, the use of nonedible cellulose is escalating, as it is considered to be a key substrate in the chemical industry. 

Soluble in water and alcohol. It is a very feeble base. It occurs in beets and mangolds and many other plants, and can conveniently be prepared from beet molasses. 

In the United States and some European countries, beet-sugar-waste molasses, or Stefen s waste, has been used as raw material for MSG production. The 2-pyrrohdinone-5-carboxyhc acid [98-79-3] contained ia beet sugar as by-product, is hydrolyzed at weakly alkaline pH, and moderate temperature (eg, pH 10.5—11.5, at 85°C for 2 h) to avoid racemization (14). The pH of the hydrolyzate is adjusted to 3.2 with a mineral acid to precipitate crystals of L-glutamic acid. The L-glutamic acid crystals obtained are transformed to MSG as described above. 

Chromatographic separation of diluted molasses streams into a high purity fraction suitable for concentration and crystallization and a second low purity by-product, which can be concentrated and sold as an animal feed product, has been employed in Finland since the 1970s and in the United States since the mid-1980s. Since the early 1990s, production of sugar from beet molasses has almost tripled, and the trend is expected to continue for the next two years to consume most of the domestic beet molasses (Fig. 7) (3,9). 

Fig. 7. U.S. production of beet sugar from molasses desugarization processes. Values for 1995 are estimated.

The product has purities typically in the 90—92% range and can be combined with thin juice, concentrated and crystallized, or concentrated and stored for later use. Crystallizing the desugarization thick juice apart from the normal beet campaign may be desired because the secondary molasses produced after the separation contains the nonsucrose components, which are the most difficult to separate from sucrose and perhaps should be set aside and sold instead of resubmitted to the columns. 

The desugarization by-product is normally sold as a low value molasses. Pulse method systems also produce a relatively high value betaine-rich (at least 50% on soHds) fraction. The concentrated betaine-rich by-product is used as a custom animal feed, whose European markets are well estabUshed and may provide a future opportunity in the U.S. feed industry. Beet sugar molasses contains from 3 to 6% betaine, by weight, about three-quarters of which may be recoverable as a potential by-product ( 40 50% purity). 

R. A. McGinnis, ed.. Beet Sugar Technology, 3rd ed.. Beet Sugar Development Foundation, Denver, Colo., 1983, for an overview of the processes involved in all but molasses desugarization. 

Composition. Molasses composition depends on several factors, eg, locality, variety, sod, climate, and processing. Cane molasses is generally at pH 5.5—6.5 and contains 30—40 wt % sucrose and 15—20 wt % reducing sugars. Beet molasses is ca 7.5—8.6 pH, and contains ca 50—60 wt % sucrose, a trace of reducing sugars, and 0.5—2.0 wt % raffinose. Cane molasses contains less ash, less nitrogenous material, but considerably more vitamins than beet molasses. Composition of selected molasses products is Hsted in Table 7. Procedures for molasses analysis are avadable (59). 

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