Standards test report

A standard test report usually documents the resulting measurements, such as tensile shear strength and peel strength. It should also indicate all the pertinent conditions that are required to ensure reproducibility in subsequent testing. It is often very useful to describe the failure mode of the tested specimens. An analysis of the type (or mode) of failure is an extremely valuable tool to determine the cause of adhesive failure. The failed joint should be visually examined to determine where and to what extent failure occurred. The percent of the failure that is in the adhesion mode and that in the cohesion mode should be provided. A description of the failure mode itself (location, percent coverage, uniformity, etc.) is often quite useful. The purpose of this exercise is to establish the weak link in the joint to better understand the mechanism of failure. 

Test reports are technical records on the conformity assessment of a product according to specific standards. Test reports are concise accounts, including clause-by-clause details on the results of the product safety/EMC assessment, standards rationale, test data, construction, and critical components. Test reports are an essential tool for conformity assessment. Test reports contain the technical results of the conformity assessment and need not contain confidential design information. Test reports may be requested by customers, testing/certification bodies, or enforcement authorities for review and verification purposes. 

Results can be printed or saved to disk or other medium, with the form and information produced limited only by the software in use. Typical information obtained can include Young s modulus, proof stress, yield point, area under curve, average load, load at a given deflection, deflection at a given load, secant modulus, median of peak heights, peak load after initial peak, flexure modulus, n value, k factor, true stress and true strain. Printing of standard test reports and statistical analysis are also possible. 

Tables 4—6 Ust ASTM methods used for the characterization of PB and PMP. A number of specialized methods were developed for testing particular articles manufactured from polyolefins several of these determine the performance of PB and PMP film, including the measurement of the film s dart impact strength and tear strength. Dart impact strength is measured by dropping a heavy dart with a round tip on a stretched film. Tear resistance, which reflects the film s resistance to tear propagation, is measured with the Ehnendorf tear tester. Two values for the tear strength are usually reported, one in the machine dkection of the film and the other in the transverse dkection. Pipes manufactured from PB are tested by pressurizing them internally with water the time-to-burst failure is determined at various temperatures (46). The standard test method for haze and luminous transmittance (ASTM D1003) is used for the measurement of PMP optical characteristics.

Although sealant manufacturer s Hterature commonly reports modulus values, these values must be interpreted carefully. Specimen sizes, test rate, cure conditions, and the time a sealant has been allowed to cure when tested can all have a significant effect on modulus. Therefore, for a tme comparison, sealants should be evaluated by a standard test that examines all sealants by the same procedure. In general, the longer a sealant has been allowed to cure, the more reaUstic the modulus data. 

The Rubber Manufacturer s Association (RMA) is a cooperative manufacturiag trade associatioa. Receatly, the RMA has issued a technical buUetia to standardize the reporting of key analytical/quaHty control data on nitrile mbber (22). The various tests commonly mn on nitrile mbber iaclude raw polymer... 

With regard to in-line flame arresters the CEN standard clearly specifies minimnm operating pressnres as well as detailing of the operating pressnre on the test report. 

The first asymmetric intramolecular Stetter reactions were reported by Enders and co-workers utilising triazolium salt pre-catalyst 125. Treatment of substrate 123 generated 1,4-dicarbonyl compound 124 in good yield and enantioselectivity [56]. These salicylaldehyde-derived substrates 123 have since become the standard test substrates for the development of new catalysts for the asymmetric intramolecular Stetter reaction. Bach and co-workers have achieved moderate enantioselectivities using axially-chiral thiazolium pre-catalyst 126 [41], whilst Miller and co-workers have developed peptidic thiazolium pre-catalyst 127 [57]. In 2005, Rovis and coworkers showed that the NHCs derived from triazolium salts 128-130 were excellent catalysts for the asymmetric intramolecular Stetter reaction of a wide range of substrates, giving typically excellent yields and enantioselectivities [58]. The iV-pentafluorophenyl catalyst 129 currently represents the state of the art in asymmetric Stetter reactions (Scheme 12.24) [59]. 

Besides the ASTM standard tests, a number of general reference books have been published on testing and on the mechanical properties of polymers and viscoelastic materials (2-7). Unfortunately, a great variety of units are used in reporting values of mechanical tests. Stresses, moduli of elasticity, and other properties are given in such units as MK.S (SI), cgs, and English units. A table of conversion factors is given in Appendix II. 

Standard geotechnical test reports address typical static properties of soil such as shear strength and bearing capacity but may not provide dynamic properties unless they are specifically requested. In these situations, it is necessary to use the static properties. Dynamic soil properties which are reported may be based on low strain amplitude tests which may or may not be applicable to the situation of interest. Soils reports will generally provide vertical and lateral stiffness values for the foundation type recommended. These can be used along with ultimate bearing capacities to perform a dynamic response calculation of the foundation for the applied blast load. 

Given that oxidative injury plays an important role in central nervous system (CNS) degenerative diseases, novel drags that protect cells from cytopathic effects of ROS could conceivably be used to treat some of these devastating illnesses. To screen for possible neuroprotective drags, a variety of standardized test systems have been designed mostly based on the in situ generation of superoxide by xanthine/xanthine oxidase. Superoxide decomposition may be followed photometrically by the reduction of ferricytochrome c, as it was reported by McCord and Fridovich (McCord and Fridovich, 1969). 

At present, despite the advantages offered by the buccal delivery route, such as the bypass of intestinal and hepatic first-pass metabolism for systemic delivery, very few pharmaceutical products employ this route of administration. The reasons that contribute to this situation include (1) high costs associated with development, (2) lack of standardized tests to identify drug candidates suitability for this route, (3) the limited understanding of the impact of metabolism and/or transporters found in the oral cavity mucosa on buccal delivery, and (4) the relatively small number of reports describing the usefulness and safety of excipients/permeation enhancers in humans [82, 83], Therefore, the... 

The requirements or prerequisites of the Basis Documents are fixed. Basis documents have targets they can be updated and are applicable over a longer time interval (e.g. standard operation procedures). Proof Documents contain proofs of operations and the details of the actual stock they are not changeable and are only valid for single incidents (e.g. test reports). 

In the preceding version of the standard it was strictly forbidden to give any interpretation of the results within the test report. Now it is explicitly allowed. In addition to the necessary requirements as listed above, test reports can, include the items listed in this shde. 

Future development efforts in source characterization should 1) develop new source sampling methods including tethered balloon and ground based sampling 2) standardize data reporting and management procedures and store validated data in a central data base and 3) create a chemical component analysis protocol to obtain maximum information from each source test. 

Our initial work on the TEMPO / Mg(N03)2 / NBS system was inspired by the work reported by Yamaguchi and Mizuno (20) on the aerobic oxidation of the alcohols over aluminum supported ruthenium catalyst and by our own work on a highly efficient TEMP0-[Fe(N03)2/ bipyridine] / KBr system, reported earlier (22). On the basis of these two systems, we reasoned that a supported ruthenium catalyst combined with either TEMPO alone or promoted by some less elaborate nitrate and bromide source would produce a more powerful and partially recyclable catalyst composition. The initial screening was done using hexan-l-ol as a model substrate with MeO-TEMPO as a catalyst (T.lmol %) and 5%Ru/C as a co-catalyst (0.3 mol% Ru) in acetic acid solvent. As shown in Table 1, the binary composition under the standard test conditions did not show any activity (entry 1). When either N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) or Mg(N03)2 (MNT) was added, a moderate increase in the rate of oxidation was seen especially with the addition of MNT (entries 2 and 3). 

In the past these tests were rather qualitative and one of the chief disadvantages was the lack of knowledge of the pressure transmitted to the acceptor. With the advent of calibration, however, the significance of gap tests was greatly increased. After discussing briefly the work on calibration done by various scientists between the years 1949 1965. Liddiard Price stated that the purpose of their work was to use the improved experimental and data reduction techniques developed in the few years prior to 1965 in order to obtain a calibration with the best data available. The report describes two test assemblies "NOL Standardized Gap Test [Fig 1(A)land "Modified Gap Test [Fig 1(B)]. The "Standardized Test , also known as "LSGT (Large Scale Gap Test), is described in Refs 48 54. For description of "NOL Modified Test , see Refs 59 68 Other modification developed at NOL is described in Ref 52... 

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