Units English

Note that Systnme Internationale (SI) units are employed in this article preceding English units. In U.S. trade practices and packaging specifications, however, English units are employed to the virtual exclusion of metric units. 

E] Z = packed height, m of each section with its own liquid distribution. The original work is reported in English units. Cornell et al. (Ref. 81) review early literature. Improved fit of Cornell s ( ) values given by Belles and Fair (Refs. 74 and 75) and in Fig. 5-29. 

Fig. 32-6. Pitot tubes for velocity determination. Source "Annual Book of Standards" (3). Note English units were used by the American Society for Testing and Materials.

Most of the units used in tliis book are consistent with those adopted by the engineering profession in tlie United States. For engineering work, International SySterne (SI) and English units are most often employed in the United States, tlie English engineering units are generally used. Tliese systems of units are shown in Table 4.2.1. ... 

To convert other units into kinematic viscosity in English units v (sq ft per sec) or in Metric units u (centistokes), use the chart or the formulas to the right ... 

Cl = constant in heat transfer equation = 0.0025 (English units)... 

I am proud of this second edition. For one, I received input/feedback from our valued clients, industry FCC gurus, as well as my colleagues at RMS Engineering, Inc. Each chapter was reviewed carefully for accuracy and completeness. In several areas, 1 have provided additional discussions to cover different FCCU configurations and finally, both the metric and English units have been used to make it easier for readers who use the metric system. 

Pressure is defined as force per unit area. You are probably familiar with the English unit pounds per square inch, often abbreviated psL When we say that a gas exerts a pressure of 15 psi, we mean that the pressure on the walls of the gas container is 15 pounds (of force) per square inch of wall area. 

Any Consistent System of Units may be Employed in Place of the English Units Specified... 

In general, English units will be used throughout this book, with metric units given in parentheses. However, where metric units are the accepted practice, only these will be given. Only English units will be used in the examples, since the metric system has not yet been adopted by the chemical industry in the United States or Canada. 

All parameters use English units, i.e., mass flux G X 106 lb/hr ft2, and pressure p in psia. The ranges of parameters are as follows ... 

It can accept input in Metric or English units (e.g. pesticide application in kg/ha or lb/acre, rainfall and runoff in mm or inches). 

Instructors often require English-metric conversions for two purposes to familiarize the student with the relative sizes of the metric units in terms of the more familiar English units, and for practice in conversions (see Sec. 2.4). Once you really get into the general chemistry course, the number of English-metric conversions that you do is very small. 

Besides the ASTM standard tests, a number of general reference books have been published on testing and on the mechanical properties of polymers and viscoelastic materials (2-7). Unfortunately, a great variety of units are used in reporting values of mechanical tests. Stresses, moduli of elasticity, and other properties are given in such units as MK.S (SI), cgs, and English units. A table of conversion factors is given in Appendix II. 

Wall Assembly Construction. Because the materials and the design of the assemblies were specified in English units of measurement (for example 2 by 4 lumber, 24 in. on center), dimensions are expressed in English units with SI equivalents. By contrast, our equipment is calibrated in SI units, and consequently SI units are used in the remaining sections of this paper. 

Still other units encountered in the literature and workplace come from various other systems (absolute and otherwise). These include metric systems (c.g.s. and MKS), some of whose units overlap with SI units, and those (FPS) based on English units. The Fahrenheit and Rankine temperature scales correspond to the Celsius and Kelvin, respectively. We do not use these other units, but some conversion factors are given in Appendix A. Regardless of the units specified initially, our approach is to convert the input to SI units where necessary, to do the calculations in SI units, and to convert the output to whatever units are desired. 

The equations presented in this chapter are intended to provide a simple tool for preliminary assessment of hazards. As such, most of the techniques are conservative. The units in this chapter are metric and have not been converted to English units because most equations used in fire modeling are based on metric units. The following sources provide more detailed information ... 

---