Source material definitions

A striving to embody all the desired attributes of the new system, while recognizing that this may take many years and that a number of important benefits can be obtained by interim implementation of parts of the system. The most important areas in which interim implementations are likely to be beneficial include the establishment of exemption levels for radionuclides and hazardous chemicals in waste, to allow hazardous wastes to be managed as nonhazardous material or to allow mixed waste to be managed as radioactive or hazardous chemical waste only, and the elimination of source-based definitions of hazardous wastes, especially radioactive wastes. 

Asphaltenes have been the subject of considerable discussion and controversy in the literature. Controversy and ambiguity arise largely because of the lack of chemical definition of asphaltene mixtures for which composition is dependent upon the source material and method of isolation. While... 

Definition Primary isolation of target protein from source material. 

Definition Initial purification of the target molecule from crude or clarified source material. 

Data needed include expected variations in conditions costs of materials, labor, equipment, and utilities disposal limitations sources legal definitions and restrictions environmental impact measures and numerical values for the criteria. For all the species involved in the process, we need physical and thermodynamic data, and such reactivity and safety properties as flammability, corrosivity, abrasiveness, and propensity for dust explosions of solids, stability, environmental persistence and health indicators such as the LDjg, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and toxicity and those listed in Table 16.16. 

Aside from the insulin preparations (see below), the 15 interferons could be considered one of the earliest attempts to use biotechnological means (in all of the definitions of the term) to obtain human proteins for use as drugs. Both recombinant-derived and natural-sourced materials were approved for use within a year of each other, with the recombinant material. Prone being launched in Italy in 1985, closely followed by a natural-sourced material, Wellferon in the UK in 1986. An inspection of Table 4.6 shows that this type of leap-frogging between natural-sourced and recombinant-sourced materials continued over the next few years, with some modified agents being obtained from both sources. 

However, for reasons that lie as much in the diversity of source materials and formative histories of coal as in its physical complexity and heterogeneity, few if any investigative tools will, when applied to coal, yield unequivocal qualitative, let alone quantitative, results. Most chemical procedures can and have been challenged on the grounds that they operate on coal in a much more complex and of much less certain manner than had been supposed when they were first used, and more definitive information about coal... 

The following explanations of terms used in the Code are given to assist the reader and as source material for GMP training programs. They are not intended to be definitions in the scientific sense or interpretations in the legal sense, and are not meant to be read in any context other than the Code. 

Where two or more authorities use the same definition with only differences in format or punctuation, the definition is not duplicated it is reproduced from its source according to the following hierarchy UN, IMDG, ICAO, US, and LATA. IAEA takes precedence for all definitions related to radioactive materials. Definitions differing in wording, spelling, or pluralization, however small, are considered unique. Corrections to regulatory definitions appear within brackets [ ]. 

Obviously, special attention should be paid to the content of contaminants (impurities) from the first two categories in the source materials for battery manufacture (lead, lead alloys, H2SO4, expander, etc.). Impurities in these materials should be kept below definite maximum allowable limits so as to prevent them to influence the gassing rate in the cells. The maximum allowable concentrations of contaminants (impurities) in the sulfuric acid electrolyte according to the data reported in Ref. [51] are as follows ... 

The Commission may determine from time to time that other material is source material in addition to those specified in the definition of source material. Before making such determination, the Commission must find that such material is essential to the production of special nuclear material and must find that the determination that such material is source material is in the interest of the common defense and security, and the President must have expressly assented in writing to the determination. .. 

Some products excluded from the definition of chemical substance in 3(2) (B) require a negative certification. These include pesticides, as defined by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) food, food additives, drugs, drug intermediates, cosmetics, cosmetic intermediates, or devices subject to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) nuclear source materials, special nuclear materials or nuclear by-product materials and firearms and ammunition. While a guide for importers and exporters published by EPA in 1991 (1991 Guide) made a distinction in... 

Throughout the last century or so, many scientists have subscribed to the theory that the coal source material has not formed by the degradation of plant material in situ in a peat swamp environment but rather accumulated from the deposition of transported material in aqueous environments such as lakes, seas, and estuaries (Moore, 1940 Stutzer, 1940 Francis, 1961). Indeed, the concept of transportation of the source material also led to the belief that not one but several processes were responsible for the different types of coal. Thus, there was much thought and discussion which actually led to serious questions about the autochthonous theory of coal formation and also brought discredit on the idea that coals form a prescribed and definite progression from peat to anthracite. 

With regard to coal-derived tar and pitch, the following definitions are appropriate to distinguish them from ostensibly similar materials from other sources and from cmde oil in particular. 

Historically, dietary fiber referred to iasoluble plant cell wall material, primarily polysaccharides, not digested by the endogenous enzymes of the human digestive tract. This definition has been extended to iaclude other nondigestible polysaccharides, from plants and other sources, that are iacorporated iato processed foods. Cellulose [9004-34-6] (qv) is fibrous however, lignin [9005-53-2] (qv) and many other polysaccharides ia food do not have fiberlike stmctures (see also Carbohydrates). 

Problem Definition InteUigent selection of a separator requires a careful and complete statement of the nature of the separation problem. Focusing narrowly on the specific problem, however, is not sufficient, especi ly if the separation is to be one of the steps in a new process. Instead, the problem must be defined as broadly as possible, beginning with the chemical reactor or other source of material to be separated and ending with the separated materials in their desired final form. In this way the influence of preceding and subsequent process steps on the separation step will be iUuminated. Sometimes, of course, the new separator is proposed to replace an existing unit the new separator must then fit into the current process and accept feed materials of more or less fixed characteristics. At other times the separator is only one item in a train of new equipment, all parts of which must work in harmony if the separator is to be effective. 

Definition of Absolute Temperature.— The temperatures of two bodies are proportional to the quantities of heat respectively taken in and given out in localities at one temperature and at the other, respectively, by a material system subjected to a complete cycle of perfectly reversible thermodynamic operations, and not allowed to part with or take in heat at any other temperature or, the absolute values of two temperatures are to one another in the proportion of the heat taken in to the heat rejected in a perfect thermodynamic engine working with a source and refrigerator at the higher and lower of the temperatures respectively. ... 

This definition excludes such sources of current as thermocouples, or dynamos, in which all the materials composing the element remain unchanged. 

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